VOA慢速英語:Activists Call for International Ban on Fully Autonomous Weapons

[00:00.00]From VOA Learning English, [00:02.21]this is the Technology Report. [00:05.77]An international coalition is calling for a ban [00:11.07]on fully autonomous weapons known as "killer robots." [00:16.75]The 45-member coalition proposed the ban [00:20.95]to governments last month [00:23.06]at a meeting of the United Nations Convention [00:26.57]on Conventional Weapons in Geneva, Switzerland. [00:30.37]The Campaign to Stop Killer Robots [00:33.74]wants the U.N. organization to add fully autonomous weapons [00:39.69]to its work program in 2014. [00:43.99]Scientists have yet to develop fully autonomous killer robots. [00:49.20]However, technology is moving toward increasing autonomy. [00:55.05]Such weapons would identify [00:57.90]and attack targets without human assistance. [01:01.81]Noel Sharkey is a founding member [01:05.21]of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. [01:08.61]He also chairs the International Committee for Robot Arms Control. [01:14.62]Mr Sharkey says autonomous weapons should be banned. [01:20.37]"The big problem for me is that there are no robot systems [01:23.82]that can discriminate between civilian targets and military targets [01:29.40]unless they are very, very clearly marked in some way… [01:32.90]so, the idea of having robots going out into the field [01:35.86]and selecting their own targets is to me, [01:38.06]is just horrifying. It cannot work, " said Sharkey. [01:40.35]Activists say robotic systems with different degrees of autonomy [01:45.41]are already in use by Britain, Israel, [01:49.22]the United States and South Korea. [01:52.80]They believe China and Russia are also moving toward these systems. [01:58.85]Steve Goose is a member of the campaign, [02:02.20]he also directs the Arms Division at Human Rights Watch. [02:07.20]He warns the killer robots will become a reality [02:12.06]unless governments act now to ban them. [02:15.66]He says the world should oppose the weapons system [02:20.33]that would be able to identify and attack targets mechanically. [02:25.83]He believes such a system crosses a basic moral and ethical line. [02:32.08]"Robotic weapons systems should not make life [02:35.34]and death decisions on the battlefield. [02:37.37]That is simply inherently wrong. [02:39.01]So, they need to be banned on ethical grounds. [02:42.82]We think they also need to be banned on legal grounds. [02:45.72]If and when a killer robot commits a war crime, [02:51.12]violates international humanitarian law… [02:53.94]who would be held accountable, [02:55.29]who would be responsible for that violation?" said Goose. [02:57.44]He adds that in recent months, fully autonomous weapons [03:01.39]have gone from a little known issue to one [03:05.24]that is commanding worldwide attention. [03:08.10]He says that since last May, [03:12.37]34 countries have openly expressed concern [03:17.03]about the dangers the weapons present. [03:20.08]Mr Goose notes that in 1995, [03:24.33]the Convention on Conventional Weapons [03:27.55]added a new policy to the treaty, [03:30.30]which barred the use of blinding lasers. [03:34.11]He believes killer robots could become the second such weapon [03:39.51]to be banned before it is ever used in battle. [03:43.76]And that is the Technology Report from VOA Learning English. [03:49.73]For more about our reports, [03:51.93]visit our website at chinavoa.com [03:56.34].I'm June Simms.

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By VOA

15 December, 2013

From VOA Learning English, this is the Technology Report.

An international coalition is calling for a ban on fully autonomous weapons known as "killer robots." The 45-member coalition proposed the ban to governments last month at a meeting of the United Nations Convention on Conventional Weapons in Geneva, Switzerland.

A robot is pictured in front of the Houses of Parliament and Westminster Abbey as part of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots in London, April 23, 2013.

The Campaign to Stop Killer Robots wants the U.N. organization to add fully autonomous weapons to its work program in 2014.

Scientists have yet to develop fully autonomous killer robots. However, technology is moving toward increasing autonomy. Such weapons would identify and attack targets without human assistance.

Noel Sharkey is a founding member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. He also chairs the International Committee for Robot Arms Control. Mr Sharkey says autonomous weapons should be banned.

"The big problem for me is that there are no robot systems that can discriminate between civilian targets and military targets unless they are very, very clearly marked in some way...so, the idea of having robots going out into the field and selecting their own targets is to me, is just horrifying. It cannot work, " said Sharkey.

Activists say robotic systems with different degrees of autonomy are already in use by Britain, Israel, the United States and South Korea. They believe China and Russia are also moving toward these systems.

Steve Goose is a member of the campaign, he also directs the Arms Division at Human Rights Watch. He warns the killer robots will become a reality unless governments act now to ban them. He says the world should oppose the weapons system that would be able to identify and attack targets mechanically.

He believes such a system crosses a basic moral and ethical line.

"Robotic weapons systems should not make life and death decisions on the battlefield. That is simply inherently wrong. So, they need to be banned on ethical grounds. We think they also need to be banned on legal grounds. If and when a killer robot commits a war crime, violates international humanitarian law...who would be held accountable, who would be responsible for that violation?" said Goose.

He adds that in recent months, fully autonomous weapons have gone from a little known issue to one that is commanding worldwide attention. He says that since last May, 34 countries have openly expressed concern about the dangers the weapons present.

Mr Goose notes that in 1995, the Convention on Conventional Weapons added a new policy to the treaty, which barred the use of blinding lasers. He believes killer robots could become the second such weapon to be banned before it is ever used in battle.

And that is the Technology Report from VOA Learning English. For more about our reports, visit our website at chinavoa.com.I'm June Simms.

[page]參考譯文[/page]

From VOA Learning English, this is the Technology Report.

這里是美國(guó)之音慢速英語科技報(bào)道。

An international coalition is calling for a ban on fully autonomous weapons known as "killer robots." The 45-member coalition proposed the ban to governments last month at a meeting of the United Nations Convention on Conventional Weapons in Geneva, Switzerland.

一個(gè)國(guó)際聯(lián)盟呼吁禁止被稱為“殺人機(jī)器”完全自主武器。這個(gè)由45人組成的聯(lián)盟上月在瑞士日內(nèi)瓦舉行的聯(lián)合國(guó)常規(guī)武器公約的一次會(huì)議上，向各國(guó)政府提出了這一禁令。

The Campaign to Stop Killer Robots wants the U.N. organization to add fully autonomous weapons to its work program in 2014.

制止殺人機(jī)器聯(lián)盟希望該聯(lián)合國(guó)組織將完全自主武器列入其2014年的工作計(jì)劃中。

Scientists have yet to develop fully autonomous killer robots. However, technology is moving toward increasing autonomy. Such weapons would identify and attack targets without human assistance.

科學(xué)家們尚未開發(fā)出完全自主殺人機(jī)器。然而，技術(shù)正逐步走向提高自主權(quán)。這類武器可以無需人工輔助識(shí)別并攻擊目標(biāo)。

Noel Sharkey is a founding member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. He also chairs the International Committee for Robot Arms Control. Mr Sharkey says autonomous weapons should be banned.

諾埃爾·夏基(Noel Sharkey)是制止殺人機(jī)器聯(lián)盟的創(chuàng)始成員。他也是國(guó)際機(jī)器人武器控制委員會(huì)的主席。夏基先生表示，自主武器應(yīng)當(dāng)被禁止。

"The big problem for me is that there are no robot systems that can discriminate between civilian targets and military targets unless they are very, very clearly marked in some way…so, the idea of having robots going out into the field and selecting their own targets is to me, is just horrifying. It cannot work, " said Sharkey.

他說，“對(duì)我來說最大的問題是，尚沒有機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)可以區(qū)分平民目標(biāo)和軍事目標(biāo)，除非他們有非常明顯的標(biāo)記。因此，我認(rèn)為讓機(jī)器人自己到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)選擇攻擊目標(biāo)的想法是非?？膳碌模@一想法沒法成功實(shí)現(xiàn)。”

Activists say robotic systems with different degrees of autonomy are already in use by Britain, Israel, the United States and South Korea. They believe China and Russia are also moving toward these systems.

活動(dòng)人士稱，不同程度自主權(quán)的機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)在英國(guó)、以色列、美國(guó)和韓國(guó)得到應(yīng)用。他們認(rèn)為，中、俄也在走向這類系統(tǒng)。

Steve Goose is a member of the campaign, he also directs the Arms Division at Human Rights Watch. He warns the killer robots will become a reality unless governments act now to ban them. He says the world should oppose the weapons system that would be able to identify and attack targets mechanically.

史蒂芬· 古斯(Steve Goose)也是該聯(lián)盟成員，他還負(fù)責(zé)人權(quán)觀察組織的武器分部。他警告說，殺人機(jī)器將成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，除非各國(guó)政府立即采取行動(dòng)。他說，全球應(yīng)該反對(duì)這類能夠自動(dòng)識(shí)別和攻擊目標(biāo)的武器系統(tǒng)。

He believes such a system crosses a basic moral and ethical line.

他認(rèn)為這類系統(tǒng)越過了基本的道德和倫理界線。

"Robotic weapons systems should not make life and death decisions on the battlefield. That is simply inherently wrong. So, they need to be banned on ethical grounds. We think they also need to be banned on legal grounds. If and when a killer robot commits a war crime, violates international humanitarian law…who would be held accountable, who would be responsible for that violation?" said Goose.

古斯說，“機(jī)器人武器系統(tǒng)不應(yīng)該在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上做出生死抉擇。這簡(jiǎn)直荒謬絕倫。因此基于道德立場(chǎng)他們應(yīng)當(dāng)被禁止，我們認(rèn)為基于法律立場(chǎng)他們也應(yīng)該被禁止。如果殺人機(jī)器犯了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)罪，違反了國(guó)際人道主義法，誰將會(huì)被追責(zé)?誰為此承擔(dān)責(zé)任?”

He adds that in recent months, fully autonomous weapons have gone from a little known issue to one that is commanding worldwide attention. He says that since last May, 34 countries have openly expressed concern about the dangers the weapons present.

他補(bǔ)充說，最近幾個(gè)月，完全自主武器從一個(gè)鮮為人知的問題變成博取世界關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。他說，從去年5月開始，34個(gè)國(guó)家已經(jīng)公開表達(dá)了對(duì)這種危險(xiǎn)武器的擔(dān)憂。

Mr Goose notes that in 1995, the Convention on Conventional Weapons added a new policy to the treaty, which barred the use of blinding lasers. He believes killer robots could become the second such weapon to be banned before it is ever used in battle.

古斯先生指出，1995年常規(guī)武器公約增加了禁止使用激光致盲武器的新政策。他認(rèn)為，殺人機(jī)器可能會(huì)在投入戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)使用之前成為第二個(gè)這類(被禁止的)武器。