美國(guó)副總統(tǒng)拜登在四川大學(xué)的演講

Remarks by Vice President Joseph Biden on U.S.-China Relations

Sichuan University

Chengdu, China

August 21, 2011

美國(guó)副總統(tǒng)約瑟夫?拜登就美中關(guān)系發(fā)表的演講

中國(guó)成都 四川大學(xué)

2011年8月21日

Mr. President, thank you for your gracious introduction. We have an expression in the United States Senate where I served for many years when we want to say something personal, we say, permit me a point of personal privilege. I would like to introduce you to two of my family members who I’ve brought along with me, my daughter-in-law Kathleen Biden and my granddaughter Naomi Biden. Would you guys stand? (Applause.)

校長(zhǎng)先生，謝謝你的親切介紹。我曾多年擔(dān)任美國(guó)參議員，在美國(guó)參議院，我們?nèi)绻胩岢鰝€(gè)人看法，會(huì)采取一種表述方式，我們會(huì)說(shuō)，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我提出一個(gè)個(gè)人特權(quán)問(wèn)題。我想向你們介紹我?guī)?lái)的兩位家人，我的兒媳凱瑟琳?拜登和我的孫女內(nèi)奧米?拜登。你們兩個(gè)人請(qǐng)起立。(掌聲)

It would be more appropriate to say Naomi brought me along with her since she’s a budding Chinese speaker, been taking Chinese for five years, so I’ve been listening to her on the whole trip.

如果說(shuō)內(nèi)奧米把我?guī)У竭@里來(lái)，也許更恰當(dāng)，因?yàn)樗f(shuō)中文已達(dá)到初級(jí)水平，她學(xué)了五年中文，我一路上都聽(tīng)她的。

I want to again thank you very much. I had a wonderful few days in Beijing and a series of very positive and productive conversations with Chinese leaders. And I’m pleased to make my first visit to western China, which has played such an incredible, such an incredible role in this nation’s proud, proud history, and which today is the vanguard of Chinese -- China’s high-tech future.

我想再次向你們表示十分感謝。我在北京度過(guò)了非常愉快的幾天，與中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人進(jìn)行了一系列非常積極和建設(shè)性的交談。我非常高興首次前來(lái)中國(guó)西部訪問(wèn)。這個(gè)地區(qū)在貴國(guó)可引以為驕傲的歷史上發(fā)揮了很了不起的作用，今天已成為中國(guó)高科技未來(lái)的先鋒。

Two years ago, Sichuan province suffered one of the greatest natural disasters in China’s recent history. And the American people were inspired -- were inspired by the way you all came together to help one another during that crisis. And I’m absolutely amazed as I drive around the city, and I’ll be moving out into the province later, after this speech -- I’m amazed at how quickly you have rebuilt and you have recovered.

兩年前，四川省遭受了中國(guó)近代史上最嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害之一。你們?cè)谖C(jī)時(shí)刻同心同德、相互幫助的精神鼓舞了美國(guó)人民。我坐車經(jīng)過(guò)成都各地時(shí)，感到萬(wàn)分驚訝，晚些時(shí)候，在我演講完后，我還要去省里的其他地方參觀——你們的重建和恢復(fù)如此迅速，實(shí)在令我驚嘆。

The people of Chengdu, let me say simply that your hospitality has more than lived up to your reputation as the “land of abundance,” so again, thank you so very much for that hospitality.

簡(jiǎn)而言之，成都人民，你們有“天府之國(guó)”的美譽(yù)，但你們的殷勤好客更令人感動(dòng)。我再次對(duì)你們的熱情好客表示深切的感謝。

It’s also great to be here on a university campus. I also want to thank our host, the university which counts amongst its alumni some of the most illustrious figures in recent Chinese history, including Zhu De and Ba Jin, both of whom are -- one a literary icon; the other, one of the most illustrious figures, and a founding father of the republic.

來(lái)到大學(xué)校園，我感到很激動(dòng)。我還要感謝接待我們的校方，在貴校的校友中有一些中國(guó)近代史上最杰出的人物，包括朱德和巴金，一位是文學(xué)巨匠;另一位是最杰出的人物之一，共和國(guó)的一位開(kāi)國(guó)元老。

I’m also pleased to be joined today by -- he’s already been introduced -- but by our ambassador, our new ambassador Gary Locke whose grandfather came to the United States from Canton in the 1890s and toiled as a house servant in the United States in exchange for being able to get English language lessons. In less than two generations -- two generations later, Gary Locke, his grandson, has served as the governor of his home state of Washington, the U.S. Secretary of Commerce and the chief of mission in one our most important diplomatic posts in the world.

今天，我也非常高興有——他已被介紹過(guò)了——我們的大使，我們的新任大使駱家輝在場(chǎng)。他的祖父在19世紀(jì)90年代從廣東來(lái)到美國(guó)，通過(guò)幫傭換取上英文課的機(jī)會(huì)。在不到兩代人的時(shí)間里——經(jīng)過(guò)兩代人，他的孫子駱家輝曾擔(dān)任他所在的華盛頓州的州長(zhǎng)、美國(guó)商務(wù)部長(zhǎng)，現(xiàn)在又來(lái)到我國(guó)在全世界最重要的外交崗位之一擔(dān)任使團(tuán)負(fù)責(zé)人。

I share this story with you not because it’s unique, but because it is uniquely American. While not every child or grandchild of an immigrant will reach the pinnacle of society as Ambassador Locke has, America continues to put such possibilities within reach of all those who seek our shores.

我與你們分享他的經(jīng)歷，并不是有什么其他原因，而是因?yàn)檫@是美國(guó)的獨(dú)特之處。雖然并非外來(lái)移民的每一個(gè)子女或后代都能像駱家輝那樣到達(dá)社會(huì)的頂層，但美國(guó)始終促使所有尋求移民美國(guó)的人都有可能做到這一點(diǎn)。

On my first visit to China, which was more than 30 years ago when I was a young United States senator in 1979, I was with the first delegation of congressional leaders to visit China after normalization. We had several days of business with then Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping. It was a very different country then, but what was absolutely clear to me was that China was on the cusp of a remarkable transformation.

在30多年前的1979年，我還是一個(gè)年輕的美國(guó)參議員，當(dāng)時(shí)曾隨美中關(guān)系正?；蟮牡谝粋€(gè)國(guó)會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人訪華代表團(tuán)首次前來(lái)中國(guó)訪問(wèn)。我們同當(dāng)時(shí)的副總理鄧小平開(kāi)展了幾天的公務(wù)活動(dòng)。當(dāng)時(shí)的中國(guó)與今天大不相同，但對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)已經(jīng)絕對(duì)明確的是，中國(guó)正處于天翻地覆的大變革的最前沿。

Changes were just getting underway. My first introduction here in Sichuan that would begin transforming a largely agrarian society into an engine of economic global and help lift hundreds of millions of people out of poverty was -- seemed to me clear at the time. That first visit came amid a debate in the United States of America similar to the one that exists today about how to view China’s emergence. Let me be clear -- let me be clear: I believed in 1979 and said so and I believe now that a rising China is a positive development, not only for the people of China but for the United States and the world as a whole.

當(dāng)時(shí)，變革剛剛開(kāi)始。根據(jù)我最初了解到的四川的情況，當(dāng)時(shí)將開(kāi)始一個(gè)把基本上以農(nóng)業(yè)為主的社會(huì)改造成世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的一個(gè)引擎，并使億萬(wàn)人民擺脫貧困的進(jìn)程——當(dāng)時(shí)，我已清楚地看到這一點(diǎn)。我第一次訪華時(shí)，美國(guó)正在開(kāi)展一場(chǎng)類似今天正在進(jìn)行的有關(guān)如何看待中國(guó)崛起的辯論。讓我明確表示——讓我明確說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn)：我在1979年相信并這么說(shuō)過(guò)，我現(xiàn)在仍然相信，中國(guó)的崛起是一種積極的發(fā)展，不僅對(duì)中國(guó)人民是如此，對(duì)美國(guó)和整個(gè)世界也是如此。

A rising China will fuel economic growth and prosperity and it will bring to the fore a new partner with whom we can meet global challenges together. When President Obama and I took office in January of 2009, we made our relationship with China a top priority. We were determined to set it on a stable and sustainable course that would benefit the citizens of both our countries. Our Presidents have met nine times since then, including very successful state visits in Beijing and Washington, and have spoken numerous times by telephone.

中國(guó)的崛起將促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和繁榮，帶來(lái)一個(gè)可共同應(yīng)對(duì)全球挑戰(zhàn)的新伙伴。2009年1月, 奧巴馬總統(tǒng)和我就職時(shí)，我們將與中國(guó)的關(guān)系當(dāng)作一項(xiàng)優(yōu)先要?jiǎng)?wù)。我們決心使美中關(guān)系沿著穩(wěn)定、可持續(xù)的軌道前進(jìn)，造福于我們兩國(guó)人民。自那時(shí)以來(lái)，我們兩國(guó)的元首已舉行過(guò)九次會(huì)晤，包括分別對(duì)北京和華盛頓非常成功的國(guó)事訪問(wèn)和多次通話。

Direct discussions between senior policymakers and the personal ties that result from such discussions in my view over the last 35 years of conducting foreign policy are the keys to building cooperation. They're built on understanding. They allow us to better understand each other and allow us to define our interests in ways that are clear so that each one of us know what the other country’s interests are, and to see the world through the eyes of the other with the intention of preventing miscommunications and misconceptions that tend to fuel mistrust.

憑我過(guò)去35年搞外交政策的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我認(rèn)為高層決策者之間的討論以及由此發(fā)展的個(gè)人關(guān)系是建立合作的關(guān)鍵。它們是建立在理解基礎(chǔ)上。它們讓我們更好地了解對(duì)方，讓我們能夠明確我們的利益，使我們每個(gè)人都知道對(duì)方國(guó)家的利益是什么，并且能夠站在對(duì)方的角度看世界，避免往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致不信任的溝通失誤和誤解。

With that goal in mind, we have worked very hard to develop our cooperative partnership through more than 60 separate dialogues on issues of matter to both China and to the United States; and I would suggest to the world as a whole.

抱著這個(gè)目標(biāo)，我們一直非常努力地發(fā)展我們的合作伙伴關(guān)系，展開(kāi)了60多項(xiàng)專題對(duì)話，討論事關(guān)中國(guó)和美國(guó)的問(wèn)題，我可以說(shuō)也事關(guān)整個(gè)世界。

The premier forum is what we refer to as the Strategic and Economic Dialogue which brings together policymakers from across both governments to discuss a range of issues from trade barriers to climate change. But we also recognize -- we also recognized immediately on starting that the importance more directly addressing security issues, as well. That's why in May we jointly launched the first Strategic Security Dialogue, a new channel for civilian and military leaders to discuss sensitive topics, including cyber and maritime security. That's why it’s also important that our military leaders work together, get to know one another -- not just our political leaders, but our military leaders -- as Admiral Mullen and General Chen have begun to do in their recent exchange of meetings.

我們所說(shuō)的戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)話是一個(gè)主要論壇，它匯集了來(lái)自兩國(guó)政府各部門的決策者，討論從貿(mào)易壁壘到氣候變化的一系列問(wèn)題。但我們也認(rèn)識(shí)到——我們一開(kāi)始也立即認(rèn)識(shí)到更直接解決安全問(wèn)題的重要性。這就是為什么在5月我們共同啟動(dòng)了第一個(gè)戰(zhàn)略安全對(duì)話，一個(gè)為文職和軍方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人討論敏感議題的新渠道，包括網(wǎng)絡(luò)和海上安全。這就是為什么我們的軍方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人也必須一道努力，互相了解——不僅是我們的政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，還有我們的軍方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人——馬倫海軍上將和陳炳德將軍在最近的交流會(huì)上已開(kāi)始這樣做。

The fact is China and the United States face many of the same threats and share many of the same objectives and responsibilities. But because we sometimes view threats from different perspectives -- that is China and the United States view them from different perspectives, our -- or favor a different way in dealing with what we perceive to be joint threats, our generals should be talking to each other alongside with our diplomats, as frequently as our diplomats do. Like China, the United States has a huge stake in the prosperity and stability of Asia and the Pacific.

事實(shí)是，中國(guó)和美國(guó)面臨許多同樣的威脅，并具有許多相同的目標(biāo)和責(zé)任。但是，因?yàn)槲覀冇袝r(shí)從不同角度看待威脅——即中國(guó)和美國(guó)從不同的角度看這些威脅——或者我們喜歡用一種不同的方法處理我們所認(rèn)為的共同威脅，我們的將軍應(yīng)該互相通話，和我們的外交官一道，并且像我們的外交官那樣經(jīng)常進(jìn)行。和中國(guó)一樣，美國(guó)在亞洲和太平洋地區(qū)的繁榮和穩(wěn)定上都有重大利益。

I look forward to visiting two other Asian nations on this trip. When I leave China, I’ll go to Mongolia and then to Japan. The United States -- and I realize this occasionally causes some discomfiture -- but the United States is a Pacific power, and we will remain a specific power -- a Pacific power.

我期待著在此行中訪問(wèn)另外兩個(gè)亞洲國(guó)家。我離開(kāi)中國(guó)后將去蒙古，然后到日本。美國(guó)——我知道這偶爾會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些困惑——但美國(guó)是一個(gè)太平洋大國(guó)，我們將繼續(xù)是一個(gè)特定的大國(guó)——太平洋大國(guó)。

Over the last 60 years, no country has done more than we have to ensure the stability and security of the Asian-Pacific region. And I’d respectfully suggest that has been good for China, allowing China to focus on domestic development and to benefit from a growing market.

在過(guò)去60年里，在保證亞太地區(qū)的穩(wěn)定和安全上，沒(méi)有任何國(guó)家比我們做得更多。我謹(jǐn)要指出，這給中國(guó)帶來(lái)了好處，使中國(guó)能夠把重點(diǎn)放在國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展，受益于不斷擴(kuò)大的市場(chǎng)。

America’s focus on this critical region will only grow in the years to come as Asia plays an even greater role in the global economy and international affairs.

美國(guó)對(duì)這一關(guān)鍵地區(qū)的重視在未來(lái)的歲月里只會(huì)增長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)閬喼拊谌蚪?jīng)濟(jì)和國(guó)際事務(wù)中發(fā)揮越來(lái)越大的作用。

As President Obama said in Tokyo during his first visit to Asia as President, and I quote: “The United States of America may have started as a series of ports and cities along the Atlantic Ocean, but for generations, we have also been a nation of the Pacific. Asia and the United States are not separated by this great ocean, we are bound by it.”

正如奧巴馬總統(tǒng)作為總統(tǒng)第一次訪問(wèn)亞洲時(shí)在東京所說(shuō)，我援引他的話：“美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)雖然發(fā)源于大西洋沿岸的一系列港口和城市，但我們世世代代始終是一個(gè)太平洋國(guó)家。亞洲和美國(guó)并沒(méi)有被太平洋阻斷，而是被太平洋聯(lián)系在一起。”

That's why we’ve begun this dialogue, this Asia-Pacific Dialogue on issues -- to expand cooperation in the region where we both live and operate.

這就是為什么我們開(kāi)始了這場(chǎng)對(duì)話，即關(guān)于諸多問(wèn)題的亞太對(duì)話——擴(kuò)大在我們雙方生活和運(yùn)作的這個(gè)地區(qū)的合作。

Let me give you another example of our security cooperation. The United States and China are also working as international -- with international partners to counter the threat posed by the spread of nuclear weapons, materials and technology, so called nonproliferation. Along with 46 other world leaders, President Hu honored us by joining President Obama and me at the Nuclear Security Summit in April of last year, and our nations are now collaborating on a center for excellence to provide nuclear security in China.

讓我再舉一個(gè)我們安全合作的例子。美國(guó)和中國(guó)也進(jìn)行國(guó)際的——與國(guó)際合作伙伴一道，對(duì)抗核武器、核材料和技術(shù)擴(kuò)散所造成的威脅，即所謂的防擴(kuò)散。與46個(gè)其他世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人一道，我們榮幸地請(qǐng)到胡錦濤主席與奧巴馬總統(tǒng)和我一起出席了去年4月舉行的核安全峰會(huì)，我們兩國(guó)正在就一個(gè)示范中心進(jìn)行合作，為中國(guó)提供核安全。

In my discussions with Vice President Xi this week, I said we have to deepen our conversations on the world’s two primary nuclear proliferating challenges: North Korea and Iran. I know that China shares our concerns, but some of you may wonder why our focus -- the focus of the United States is so intense. The reason is clear: If armed with nuclear weapons on long-range missiles, North Korea and Iran would pose a direct and serious threat to the security of the United States of America and our allies. It would present an existential threat. That is why -- that is why we’ve been working with China and our international partners to maintain peace and stability on the Korean peninsula and to achieve a complete denuclearization of North Korea. And it is why as the Iranian government continues its illicit nuclear program, we have worked with a range of partners and international institutions to enact the toughest sanctions that Iran has ever faced.

在本周與習(xí)近平副主席的討論中，我表示，我們必須加深對(duì)世界上兩個(gè)主要的核擴(kuò)散挑戰(zhàn)的對(duì)話：北韓和伊朗。我知道，中國(guó)和我們一樣擔(dān)心，但你們有些人可能會(huì)問(wèn)為什么我們的重視——美國(guó)的重視是如此強(qiáng)烈。原因很清楚：如果有了配備核武器的遠(yuǎn)程導(dǎo)彈，北韓和伊朗將對(duì)美國(guó)和我們盟友的安全構(gòu)成直接和嚴(yán)重的威脅。這將是對(duì)存在的威脅。這就是為什么——這就是為什么我們一直與中國(guó)和我們的國(guó)際伙伴合作，維持朝鮮半島的和平與穩(wěn)定，實(shí)現(xiàn)北韓的完全無(wú)核化。這也是為什么隨著伊朗政府繼續(xù)其非法的核計(jì)劃，我們與諸多合作伙伴和國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)合作，對(duì)伊朗實(shí)施它所面臨的最嚴(yán)厲的制裁。

Without vigilant implementation of these sanctions, Iran will evade the consequences of the actions and diplomacy will not be effective in stopping their nuclear program. So we will continue to look to China to send a clear message to Iranian leaders through its words and its deeds that they, Iran, must live up to their international obligations.

如果不以高度的警覺(jué)采取這些制裁，伊朗將會(huì)逃避其行動(dòng)的后果，外交也無(wú)法有效地阻止其實(shí)施核計(jì)劃。因此，我們將繼續(xù)期待中國(guó)通過(guò)言詞和行動(dòng)向伊朗領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人發(fā)出明確的信號(hào)，敦促伊朗必須履行其國(guó)際義務(wù)。

There are many other security challenges that the United States and China share. From Afghanistan, to Pakistan, to the Sudan -- and we have been and will continue to discuss our mutual interests and concerns. Continuing to develop our security dialogue and cooperation is the surest way to meet these joint challenges.

美中兩國(guó)還面臨著許多其他共同的安全挑戰(zhàn)。從阿富汗、巴基斯坦到蘇丹--我們已經(jīng)并將繼續(xù)討論我們的共同利益和共同關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)我們的安全對(duì)話與合作是迎接這些挑戰(zhàn)的最可靠的途徑。

Economic issues -- to state the obvious -- have been a particular focus of our nations’ growing cooperation. Together, we’re working to promote economic growth that is strong, sustainable and balanced, and trade that is free and fair.

經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題無(wú)疑是我們兩國(guó)日益加強(qiáng)合作特別強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)。我們正攜手努力促進(jìn)強(qiáng)勁、可持續(xù)且平衡的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)并推行自由和公平的貿(mào)易。

Trade and investment between our countries are growing rapidly in both countries, in both directions, creating jobs and economic opportunities in both countries.

我們兩國(guó)的貿(mào)易和投資正在兩國(guó)間雙向迅速發(fā)展，為兩國(guó)創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會(huì)。

We often hear about Chinese exports to the United States, but last year American companies in America exported $110 billion worth of goods and services to China, supporting hundreds of thousands of jobs in America. The American people and the Chinese people are hopefully -- are becoming aware that it’s in our mutual interest in each of our countries to promote that exchange.

我們常聽(tīng)說(shuō)中國(guó)向美國(guó)出口產(chǎn)品，但去年美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)公司向中國(guó)出口了價(jià)值1,100億美元的商品和服務(wù)，維持了美國(guó)成千上萬(wàn)的工作崗位。希望美國(guó)人民和中國(guó)人民日益認(rèn)識(shí)到，促進(jìn)這一交流符合我們兩國(guó)的共同利益。

A more prosperous China will mean more demand for American-made goods and services and more jobs back home in the United States of America. So our desire for your prosperity is not borne out of some nobility. It is in our self-interest that China continue to prosper.

一個(gè)更繁榮的中國(guó)將意味著對(duì)美國(guó)制造的商品和服務(wù)的需求增加，意味著美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)增多。因此，我們希望你們繁榮，這不是因?yàn)槌鲇谀撤N崇高的目的;中國(guó)繼續(xù)繁榮，符合我們自身的利益。

Every day it becomes clear that as the world’s two largest economies with ever growing ties of investment and commerce, what you do matters to us and matters to the American people. And what we do matters to you and to the people of China. To state it bluntly, we have a stake in one another’s success.

每一天都顯而易見(jiàn)的是，作為世界兩個(gè)最大經(jīng)濟(jì)體，隨著投資和商務(wù)日益密切，你們所做的關(guān)系到我們，關(guān)系到美國(guó)人民。我們所做的關(guān)系到你們，關(guān)系到中國(guó)人民。簡(jiǎn)言之，我們?nèi)魏我环降某晒Γ瑢?duì)彼此利益攸關(guān)。

Just as putting America’s fiscal policy on a long-term sustainable path is important not only to the United States but to China, to China’s economy, shifting China economy, which the 12th five-year plan calls for, to rely more heavily on consumer demand in China is not only important to China, but it’s important to the United States of America.

美國(guó)的財(cái)政政策保持在長(zhǎng)期可持續(xù)的軌道上，不僅對(duì)美國(guó)，而且對(duì)中國(guó)、中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)具有重要意義;同樣，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)按第12個(gè)五年計(jì)劃的要求，向更多地依賴國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)需求轉(zhuǎn)型，不僅對(duì)中國(guó)，而且對(duì)美國(guó)具有重要意義。

As Chinese leaders have told me, this five-year plan will require them to take a number of steps including continuing their effort to move toward a more flexible exchange rate. It’s in China’s interest, but it’s also overwhelmingly in the interest of the United States.

中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人曾對(duì)我所說(shuō)，這個(gè)五年計(jì)劃將要求他們采取一些措施，其中包括繼續(xù)努力實(shí)現(xiàn)更靈活的匯率。這符合中國(guó)的利益，同時(shí)也完全符合美國(guó)的利益。

In this time of uncertainty in global -- in the global economy, it is all the more important that we take the difficult but necessary steps together and along with our G20 partners continue to sustain the global recovery and create jobs and prosperity. We’re the two biggest engines in the world to be able to do that. As I said in May, when I opened the annual Strategic and Economic Dialogue in Washington, I said, “For many of the world’s most pressing challenges, it is a simple fact that when the United States and China are not at the table, the solution to the problem is less possible.”

在目前全球經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)蕩的時(shí)期，我們更應(yīng)該共同采取艱難但必要的措施，并與我們的20國(guó)集團(tuán)伙伴一道，繼續(xù)維持全球復(fù)蘇，創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)和繁榮。我們作為全世界兩個(gè)最大的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，能夠做到這一點(diǎn)。今年5月，我在華盛頓每年一度的戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)話開(kāi)幕式上表示，“就全世界大部分的緊迫挑戰(zhàn)而言，如果沒(méi)有美中兩國(guó)參與，解決問(wèn)題的可能性就比較低，這已是不言而喻的事實(shí)。”

But even as we cooperate, the United States and China also will compete, and competition is healthy. We will compete in global politics and global economics. And also -- also it is a feature of global politics and economics. It’s also a feature of human nature to observe others, to consider how they measure up, to strive to be the best, that's good for both of us. Genuine competition pushes companies, our companies and our people to perform better, and we should reject the misplaced notion of the zero-sum game in which everything one nation achieves somehow comes at the expense of the other. It is the opposite.

然而，即便是在我們合作之際，美中兩國(guó)仍還將相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是有益的。我們將在全球政治和全球經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。這也是全球政治與經(jīng)濟(jì)的一大特點(diǎn)。這也是人類的本性，通過(guò)互相觀察了解如何適應(yīng)形勢(shì)，爭(zhēng)取最好的成績(jī)，這對(duì)我們雙方都很有益。真正的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)促使公司，我們的公司和我們的人民更趨完善。我們應(yīng)該放棄零和游戲的錯(cuò)誤理念，不能認(rèn)為一國(guó)取得的一切成就意味著另一國(guó)的損失。事實(shí)并非如此。

So make no mistake, America not only welcomes this healthy competition; competition is stitched into the very fabric of our society and our economic system. And while I may be a little biased, I have overwhelming confidence in the capability of the American people to compete on a level playing field with any nation and any peoples in the world.

因此，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，美國(guó)不但歡迎這種良性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而且競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是我們的社會(huì)和我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制根本結(jié)構(gòu)的組成部分。盡管我可能有點(diǎn)偏向，但我對(duì)美國(guó)人民在一個(gè)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境中與世界上任何國(guó)家和任何民族競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的能力抱有絕對(duì)的信心。

But for this competition to benefit us both, it must take place on a level playing field with rules that are clear and treat all countries fairly and equally. Although the United States and China are working hard to get this right, we still face obstacles of doing business in each other’s countries. That's why I acknowledged on this trip the United States should undertake to make it easier for Chinese business people to obtain visas to travel to the United States. It takes much too long for that to happen. That’s not in our interest.

但要使這種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)給我們雙方都帶來(lái)利益，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)就必須是在一個(gè)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的環(huán)境中進(jìn)行，要有明確的、對(duì)所有國(guó)家都公平與一視同仁的規(guī)則。雖然美國(guó)和中國(guó)正在努力爭(zhēng)取達(dá)到這點(diǎn)，但我們?nèi)匀幻媾R著在對(duì)方國(guó)家里從事商務(wù)的障礙。正因?yàn)槿绱?，我在這次行程中承認(rèn)美國(guó)應(yīng)采取措施，使中國(guó)商務(wù)人員能夠更方便地獲得赴美國(guó)旅行簽證。簽證花費(fèi)時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)。這不符合我們的利益。

And while we are in the midst -- also it’s the reason why the President once he took office ordered for the first time in decades, ordered -- we’re in the midst of a total reform of our export control system. Already, we have made thousands of new items available for export to China for exclusive civilian use that were not available before, some of which require a license, while others don't. And tens of thousands of more items will become available very soon.

雖然我們還在進(jìn)行——這也是為什么奧巴馬總統(tǒng)剛一就職便下令，幾十年來(lái)第一次下令——我們正在進(jìn)行我國(guó)出口管制制度的總體改革。我們已經(jīng)向中國(guó)開(kāi)放了旨在完全用于民用目的的數(shù)千種過(guò)去不允許出口的新產(chǎn)品，其中有些需獲得許可證，有些則不需要。還有成千上萬(wàn)種更多的產(chǎn)品很快將獲得出口許可。

That's a significant change in our export policy and a rejection of those voices in America that say we should not export that kind of technology to -- for civilian use in China. We disagree, and we’re changing.

這是我們出口政策的一項(xiàng)重大變化，是對(duì)美國(guó)某些人的意見(jiàn)的否定。他們認(rèn)為，我們不應(yīng)該出口那一類技術(shù)——供中國(guó)民用。我們不同意這種看法，我們正在改革。

But it’s also why we are troubled when American investors are prohibited from having wholly owned, fully owned subsidiaries of their own company in many sectors in China and excluded from sectors, entirely excluded from competing in other sectors; restrictions that no other major economy in the world imposes on us or anyone else so broadly. That's why we have pushed Chinese officials to protect intellectual property rights. We have welcomed the Chinese State Council’s recent campaign to enforce intellectual property rights, a commitment that President Hu made when he visited and he’s keeping. But the effort must be strengthened and extended.

但也正因?yàn)槿绱?，一些情況令我們不安：美國(guó)的投資者在中國(guó)的許多行業(yè)中被禁止擁有自己的獨(dú)資公司和獨(dú)資分公司;在另一些行業(yè)，在其他行業(yè)完全被排斥在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)之外;還有一些世界其他主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體不曾強(qiáng)加于我們或其他任何人的、范圍如此之廣的種種限制。正因?yàn)槿绱?，我們積極要求中國(guó)官員保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)。我們歡迎中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院最近的保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)，這是胡錦濤主席訪問(wèn)美國(guó)時(shí)作出的一項(xiàng)承諾，他在履行這一承諾。但這項(xiàng)努力必須得到加強(qiáng)和延伸。

According to the International Trade Commission, American companies lose $48 billion a year and tens of thousands of jobs because of pirated goods and services. These protections -- intellectual property protections not only benefit the United States and United States workers, United States companies, but I would argue Chinese companies, as well, as they increasingly seek to safeguard their own creations.

根據(jù)國(guó)際貿(mào)易委員會(huì)的統(tǒng)計(jì)，美國(guó)企業(yè)因盜版商品和服務(wù)每年損失480億美元和數(shù)萬(wàn)個(gè)工作崗位。這些保護(hù)——知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)不僅有利于美國(guó)和美國(guó)工人、美國(guó)公司，而且我認(rèn)為也有利于中國(guó)的公司企業(yè)，因?yàn)樗麄儠?huì)越來(lái)越力爭(zhēng)保護(hù)自己的創(chuàng)新成果。

You’re here at this great university. It’s very much in your interest that intellectual property be protected because some of you are the future artists, the future entertainers, the future innovators who will want to be able to have a market for what you do. But if it can be acquired cheaply and pirated, why would anybody pay you for the same service?

你們?cè)谶@所優(yōu)異的大學(xué)求學(xué)。保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)十分符合你們的利益，因?yàn)槟銈冎械囊恍┤藢⒊蔀槲磥?lái)的藝術(shù)家、未來(lái)的娛樂(lè)界人員、未來(lái)的發(fā)明家，將希望自己的勞動(dòng)成果有市場(chǎng)。但如果那一切可以廉價(jià)地獲取和剽竊，憑什么還會(huì)有人向你們購(gòu)買同樣的服務(wù)呢?

America’s focus on global security, free trade and economic fairness is longstanding. Since the end of World War II, we’ve helped build an international system that promotes peace and stability, gives all states the opportunity to share in global prosperity and provides rules to protect the basic human rights of all citizens.

美國(guó)對(duì)全球安全，自由貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟(jì)上公平的關(guān)注是長(zhǎng)期的。自第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來(lái)，我們幫助建立了一個(gè)國(guó)際體系，它促進(jìn)和平與穩(wěn)定，使所有國(guó)家有機(jī)會(huì)分享全球繁榮，并制定保護(hù)所有公民基本人權(quán)的規(guī)則。

China’s tremendous progress in my view can be attributed to the industriousness and talent of the Chinese people, as well as its leadership. But it was made possible, I respectfully suggest, by an international architecture that promoted stability and prosperity and enables upward mobility for all countries. I know that many Chinese and probably many of you students believe that your nation will continue on a path of greater prosperity. I agree that it will. That is my view, my prediction. But I also know that some of you are skeptical about America’s future prospects.

在我看來(lái)，中國(guó)的巨大進(jìn)步可歸功于中國(guó)人民的勤勞與智慧及其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的能力。但我謹(jǐn)要指出，一個(gè)促進(jìn)穩(wěn)定與繁榮、使所有國(guó)家能夠發(fā)展提高的國(guó)際架構(gòu)使這個(gè)成就成為可能。我知道，許多中國(guó)人、你們學(xué)生中可能有許多人相信，你們的國(guó)家將繼續(xù)走向更加繁榮。我同樣認(rèn)為是這樣。這是我的看法、我的預(yù)測(cè)。但我同時(shí)知道，你們當(dāng)中有些人對(duì)美國(guó)未來(lái)的前景持懷疑態(tài)度。

With that in view, I would like to suggest that I respectfully disagree with that view and will allay your concerns. Let me put this in perspective so you can understand why the American people are also confident about their future. America today is by far the world’s largest economy with a GDP of almost $15 trillion, about two and a half times as large as China’s, the second largest; with a per-capita GDP which is more than $47,000 -- 11 times that of China’s. I’ve read that some Chinese are concerned about the safety of your investments in American assets. Please understand, no one cares more about this than we do since Americans own 87 percent of all our financial assets and 69 percent of all our treasury bonds, while China owns 1 percent of our financial assets and 8 percent of our treasury bills respectively.

因此，我希望指出，我尊重但不同意這種見(jiàn)解，讓我解釋一下為什么你們不必憂慮。我將提供一些背景信息，以便你們了解為什么美國(guó)人民也對(duì)自己的未來(lái)抱有信心。今天，美國(guó)是世界上最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)體，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)任何其他國(guó)家，國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)近15萬(wàn)億美元，大約相當(dāng)于排在第二位的中國(guó)的兩倍半;人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值4.7萬(wàn)多美元，是中國(guó)的11倍。我了解到有些中國(guó)人擔(dān)心投資美國(guó)資產(chǎn)的安全。請(qǐng)理解，沒(méi)有誰(shuí)比我們更關(guān)心這種狀況，因?yàn)槊绹?guó)人持有我們?nèi)拷鹑谫Y產(chǎn)的87%以及我們?nèi)繃?guó)債的69%，而中國(guó)持有我們的金融資產(chǎn)和國(guó)債比例分別為1%和8%。

So our interest is not just to protect Chinese investment. We have an overarching interest in protecting the investment, while the United States has never defaulted -- and never will default.

所以我們的利益不僅在于保護(hù)中國(guó)的投資，保護(hù)投資還關(guān)系到我們的總體利益。另外，美國(guó)從來(lái)沒(méi)有違約——將來(lái)也永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)違約。

I also have confidence in the fundamentals of our economy. Vice President Xi said it best I think when he told a group of Chinese and American business leaders with whom we met the day before yesterday, and I quote him, he said, “the U.S. economy is highly resilient and has a strong capacity to repair itself.” He is right. I believe America is even better equipped to compete in the economy of the future than it was of the economy of the past. In the 20th century, the wealth of nation was primarily measured by the abundance of its natural resources, the expanse of its landmass, the size of its population and the potency of its army. But I believe in the 21st century, the true wealth of a nation will be found in the creative minds of its people and their ability to innovate -- to develop the technologies that will not only spawn new products, but create and awaken entire new industries. The United States is hardwired for innovation. It’s part of our DNA from our earliest days. It has enabled generation after generation of Americans to give life to world-changing ideas -- from the cotton gin, to the airplane, to the microchip, to the Internet, to the world-leading companies like General Electric, Ford, Microsoft and Google. And I could go on and on.

我對(duì)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的基本面也有信心。在這一點(diǎn)上，我認(rèn)為習(xí)副主席講得非常好。前天我們會(huì)見(jiàn)中美商界領(lǐng)袖時(shí)，他說(shuō)：“美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)極富韌性，且有很強(qiáng)的自我修復(fù)能力。”他說(shuō)得對(duì)。我相信，在未來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中，我們的準(zhǔn)備甚至勝過(guò)以往。在20世紀(jì)，衡量國(guó)家財(cái)富的主要尺度是自然資源的豐裕程度、國(guó)土幅員、人口規(guī)模和軍事力量。但我認(rèn)為在21世紀(jì)，一個(gè)國(guó)家的真正財(cái)富在于國(guó)民的創(chuàng)造性思維和創(chuàng)新能力——開(kāi)發(fā)的技術(shù)不僅催生新產(chǎn)品，而且能夠創(chuàng)造和喚起全新的產(chǎn)業(yè)。美國(guó)的創(chuàng)新能力與生俱來(lái)。從一開(kāi)始，它就是我們遺傳基因的一部分。它使一代又一代美國(guó)人構(gòu)想出改變世界的創(chuàng)意——從軋棉機(jī)到飛機(jī)，從微芯片到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，再如通用電氣、福特、微軟和谷歌等世界領(lǐng)先的公司。這樣的例子不勝枚舉。

These accomplishments were made possible not because there’s anything unique about an American. It’s hard to define what an American is. Shortly, 50 percent of the American population -- less than 50 percent will be of European stock. So we are the most -- we are an incredibly heterogeneous nation. That's part of our strength. That's part of the boundless capacity of the American people. But it’s also because of the enduring strength of our political and economic system and the way we educate our children, a system that welcomes immigrants from across the globe who enrich our national fabric and revitalize our diverse multi-ethnic society. And I would point out, we are still the destination where most people in the world seek to come. People usually don't seek to come to a nation in decline.

我們之所以能夠取得這些成就，不是因?yàn)槊绹?guó)人具有種獨(dú)一無(wú)二的特質(zhì)。很難界定美國(guó)人是什么樣的人。簡(jiǎn)言之，50%的美國(guó)人口——不足50%的人口是歐洲人后裔。所以我們的國(guó)民具有難以置信的多樣性。這是我們實(shí)力的一部分，也是美國(guó)人民無(wú)窮創(chuàng)造力的一部分。不過(guò)也有其他原因——我們的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)體制和我們教育孩子的方式具有經(jīng)久不衰的力量。這種體制歡迎來(lái)自全球各地的移民，讓我們的國(guó)家更加豐富多彩，為我們多元的跨種族社會(huì)增添活力。我還想指出，我們現(xiàn)在仍是世界第一的移民目的地。人們通常不會(huì)尋求遷移到衰落中的國(guó)家。

A system that trains students not merely to learn and accept established orthodoxy, but to challenge orthodoxy, challenge their professors, challenge the ideas put forward to them, encourage individual thought and innovation; a system that not only tolerates free expression and vigorous debate, including between citizens and their government, but celebrates and promotes those exchanges; a system in which the rule of law protects private property, provides a predictable investment climate, and ensures accountability for the poor and wealthy alike; and a system with universities that remain -- notwithstanding, and this is a great university -- the ultimate destination for scholars from around the world. More than 130 thousand students from China attended our universities last year. We’re hoping that number will be even larger.

這種體制訓(xùn)練學(xué)生不僅學(xué)習(xí)和接受傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)，而且挑戰(zhàn)傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)，挑戰(zhàn)他們的教授，挑戰(zhàn)他們聽(tīng)到的觀點(diǎn)，鼓勵(lì)個(gè)人思考和創(chuàng)新;這種體制不僅容許自由表達(dá)和積極辯論，包括公民和政府之間的辯論，而且贊賞和促進(jìn)這種交流;這種體制的法律保護(hù)私有財(cái)產(chǎn)，提供可預(yù)期的投資環(huán)境，確保窮人和富人都承擔(dān)責(zé)任;這種體制的大學(xué)依然是世界各地學(xué)者的最終目的地——當(dāng)然，你們的學(xué)校也是一所了不起的大學(xué)。去年有13萬(wàn)多名中國(guó)學(xué)生就讀我們的大學(xué)。我們希望這個(gè)數(shù)字進(jìn)一步增加。

China has followed a very different economic and political path to prosperity, enhancing some aspects of a free-market system, while resisting political openness and maintaining the state’s deep involvement in economic affairs. That's a decision for you to make.

中國(guó)選擇了非常不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治道路邁向繁榮，增強(qiáng)了自由市場(chǎng)體系的某些方面，同時(shí)抵制政治上的開(kāi)放，保持國(guó)家對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)事務(wù)的深度干預(yù)。這是你們做出的決定。

Maybe the biggest difference in our respective approaches are our approaches to what we refer to as human rights. I recognize that many of you in this auditorium see our advocacy of human rights as at best an intrusion, and at worst an assault on your sovereignty. I want to tell you directly that this is not our intention. Yes, for Americans there is a significant moral component to our advocacy. And we observed where we have failed, as well. But it is who our people are.

我們雙方選擇的路徑的最大差異大概是我們對(duì)于什么是人權(quán)的認(rèn)識(shí)。我認(rèn)識(shí)到，在今天在坐的許多人看來(lái)，我們倡導(dǎo)人權(quán)的行動(dòng)往好處說(shuō)是多管閑事，往壞處說(shuō)是侵犯你們的主權(quán)。我想直率地對(duì)大家說(shuō)，這不是我們的意圖。是的，對(duì)于美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，我們的民主有明顯的道義成分。我們也關(guān)注我們自己沒(méi)有做好的地方。這種關(guān)注反映了美國(guó)人民的本質(zhì)。

But President Obama and I see protecting human rights and freedoms, we see it in a larger context, as well. Protecting freedoms such as those enshrined in China’s international commitments and in China’s own constitution -- we see them as a key aspect of China’s successful emergence and the key continued growth and prosperity. I know that some in China believe that greater freedom could threaten economic progress by undermining social stability. I do not pretend to have the answer, but I believe history has shown the opposite to be true, that in the long run, greater openness is a source of stability and a sign of strength, that prosperity peaks when governments foster both free enterprise and free exchange of ideas, that liberty unlocks a people’s full potential. And in its absence, unrest festers.

然而，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)和我也從更廣闊的視角來(lái)看待保護(hù)人權(quán)和自由。保護(hù)中國(guó)在國(guó)際承諾和自己的憲法中闡明的那些自由——我們將之視為中國(guó)成功崛起的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵方面，也是中國(guó)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)和繁榮的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵方面。我知道，在中國(guó)有人認(rèn)為擴(kuò)大自由會(huì)破壞社會(huì)穩(wěn)定，從而威脅經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。我不想假裝知道答案，但我相信歷史證明情況是相反的——從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，更加開(kāi)放是穩(wěn)定的來(lái)源和實(shí)力的象征，最有利繁榮的情況是政府既鼓勵(lì)自由創(chuàng)業(yè)又鼓勵(lì)自由交流觀點(diǎn)，自由使人民能夠充分發(fā)揮潛能。缺乏自由則會(huì)產(chǎn)生社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩。

Openness, free exchange of ideas, free enterprise and liberty are among the reasons why the United States, in my view, is at this moment the wealthiest nation in the history of the world. It’s why our workers are among the most productive, why our inventors and entrepreneurs hold more patents than any other country in the world, why we are reinvesting in the fundamental sources of our strength -- education, infrastructure, innovation, and why President Obama and I are so confident that America will weather the current economic storm and emerge even stronger, just as we always have in past economic crises, and why there’s no reason why China cannot tap into the same source of strength.

開(kāi)放、思想的自由交流、自由企業(yè)以及各方面的自由等等，在我看來(lái)都是美國(guó)現(xiàn)在成為世界歷史上最富有國(guó)家的原因。正因?yàn)槿绱?，我?guó)工人位于生產(chǎn)率最高的行列;正因?yàn)槿绱耍覈?guó)發(fā)明家和創(chuàng)業(yè)者擁有的專利比世界上任何其他國(guó)家都多;正因?yàn)槿绱?，我們正在?duì)我們國(guó)力的根本源泉--教育、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和創(chuàng)新進(jìn)行再投資;正因?yàn)槿绱耍瑠W巴馬總統(tǒng)和我如此堅(jiān)定地相信，美國(guó)將與以往經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)時(shí)期一樣，一如既往經(jīng)受當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)暴的考驗(yàn)而變得更為強(qiáng)大;正因?yàn)槿绱?，沒(méi)有任何理由中國(guó)不能挖掘同樣的力量源泉。

Going forward together is going to have a lot of growing pains. As I said at the outset, in just over 30 years since I first came to China, your progress has been nothing short of incredible. I can see that here in Chengdu, the city that is leading the effort to become a major player in the innovation economy, you can feel it. You can see it in the eyes of some of you students.

在共同向前進(jìn)的道路上定會(huì)經(jīng)歷很多成長(zhǎng)的煩惱。我在一開(kāi)始就說(shuō)過(guò)，僅在我首次訪華以來(lái)的30多年時(shí)間里，你們就已取得了令人難以置信的進(jìn)步。我在成都就可以看到這一點(diǎn)，這個(gè)城市為成為創(chuàng)新經(jīng)濟(jì)的主要角色走在最前列。人們可以感覺(jué)到這一點(diǎn)。從你們一些學(xué)生的眼神中可以看到這一點(diǎn)。

Looking at this audience, there are some among you who will be the new pioneers in China’s economic development, leaving your mark on history. Just like Steve Jobs, the founder of Apple and others have had in the United States, you have the capacity and the potential and I’m sure some of you will do it.

看一看在場(chǎng)的聽(tīng)眾，你們中有一些人將成為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過(guò)程中新的開(kāi)拓者，在歷史上留下你們的印記。就像美國(guó)蘋果公司創(chuàng)始人史蒂夫?喬布斯等人那樣，你們也有這樣的能力和潛力，我相信你們中間的一些人會(huì)有這樣的成就。

I’m also proud that more than 160 Fortune 500 companies are operating in Chengdu High-tech Zone, including pioneer American businesses like Intel, Dell and Oracle. The U.S.-China relationship has also improved dramatically in the past 30 years. In order to cement this robust partnership, we have to go beyond close ties between Washington and Beijing, which we’re working on every day, go beyond it to include all levels of government, go beyond it to include classrooms and laboratories, athletic fields and boardrooms.

我還感到驕傲的是，有160多家《財(cái)富》世界500強(qiáng)公司在成都的高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)開(kāi)展經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)，包括因特爾、戴爾和甲骨文等開(kāi)拓性的美國(guó)企業(yè)。美中關(guān)系在過(guò)去30年中取得了極大的改善。為了鞏固這一堅(jiān)實(shí)的伙伴關(guān)系，我們必須超越我們每天都在為之努力的華盛頓和北京之間的緊密關(guān)系，將各級(jí)政府以及教室和實(shí)驗(yàn)室、體育場(chǎng)和會(huì)議室都包括進(jìn)來(lái)。

That's why we launched our 100,000 Strong Initiative to boost the number of American students studying in China each year and have maintained a robust Peace Corps presence. How many Peace Corps volunteers are here today? Raise your hands. We love you guys. Welcome. Welcome. (Applause.)

正是因?yàn)槿绱?，我們發(fā)起了“十萬(wàn)人留學(xué)中國(guó)計(jì)劃”，增加每年留學(xué)中國(guó)的美國(guó)學(xué)生人數(shù)，并保持了相當(dāng)多的和平隊(duì)人數(shù)。今天在這里有多少和平隊(duì)志愿者?請(qǐng)你們舉手。我們愛(ài)你們。歡迎。歡迎。(掌聲)

Last year, over 800,000 Chinese and 2 million Americans traveled between our countries to live, work, study and explore new places. On a personal note, I've seen the value of these exchanges through the experiences of my niece, a young woman who learned Mandarin at Harvard and spent a year in Beijing refining her language skills and ultimately worked at our Treasury Department on U.S.-China relations. There are tens of thousands of you like her, who are going to be the key to cement this relationship and deal with misconception and form the relevant societies about the motivations and operations of each of our countries.

去年，80多萬(wàn)中國(guó)人和200萬(wàn)美國(guó)人去對(duì)方國(guó)家生活、工作、學(xué)習(xí)和探索新的地方。就我個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，我通過(guò)我年輕的外甥女的經(jīng)歷看到了這種交流的價(jià)值。她在哈佛大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)普通話，后又在北京學(xué)習(xí)了一年，提高她的中文語(yǔ)言技能，最后到我國(guó)財(cái)政部從事美中關(guān)系方面的工作。你們中有成千上萬(wàn)的人會(huì)像她那樣，為鞏固兩國(guó)關(guān)系，消除誤解，建立關(guān)于我們兩國(guó)的意圖和運(yùn)行的學(xué)社發(fā)揮重要作用。

These ties among our people are the life blood of our emerging partnership. The bottom line is this: As great nations and as global actors, the United States and China face many of the same challenges and share many of the same responsibilities. And the more we can work together, the more our people will benefit and -- as I said before it sounds chauvinistic, but the more the world will benefit as a consequence of our cooperation.

我們?nèi)嗣裰g的紐帶是我們新興伙伴關(guān)系的生命力。歸根結(jié)底，作為大國(guó)和全球要角，美國(guó)和中國(guó)面臨了許多相同的挑戰(zhàn)，也分擔(dān)了許多同樣的責(zé)任。我們?cè)绞腔ハ嗪献?，我們的人民就越能從中受益──我之前說(shuō)過(guò)，這似乎有些沙文主義，但是全世界也能因我們的合作獲得更多的利益。

President Obama and I will continue the important work of making this partnership even more positive, cooperative and comprehensive in the coming years. And I hope -- I hope that my visit can serve as a step toward these goals and toward strengthening that bond.

奧巴馬總統(tǒng)和我將繼續(xù)從事這項(xiàng)重要事業(yè)，今后使這個(gè)伙伴關(guān)系更積極、更合作和更全面。我希望我的訪問(wèn)能朝著這些目標(biāo)并為加強(qiáng)相互聯(lián)系邁進(jìn)一步。

So I thank you all for the honor of being here. More importantly, I thank you for taking the time to listen.

我今天很榮幸來(lái)到此地，感謝你們大家。更重要的，我謝謝你們花時(shí)間聆聽(tīng)。

And with the permission of your president -- they tell me I don't have any time, but I never like to leave a university without at least taking a few questions. So I hope it’s permissible for me to able to take a few questions from the audience. Is that permissible, Mr. President. Is that okay? All, right. Thank you.

在得到貴校校長(zhǎng)許可的情況下──他們告訴我已經(jīng)沒(méi)有時(shí)間了，可是我從來(lái)不想在沒(méi)有至少回答幾個(gè)問(wèn)題之前離開(kāi)一所大學(xué)。所以我希望能夠讓我回答聽(tīng)眾的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。你允許嗎，校長(zhǎng)先生?是否可以? 好的。謝謝你。

As you can see as Vice President, I’m used to always checking with presidents first. (Laughter.) I’d be happy to take a couple questions. My staff is going to get angry if I take too much time. But, please, there’s microphones in both aisles, I guess. And I -- I can’t see with the light. Gentleman all the way in the back waving both hands. It must be important.

你們可以看到，作為副總統(tǒng)，我總是習(xí)慣先向總統(tǒng)(校長(zhǎng))請(qǐng)示。(笑聲。)我很高興回答幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。如果我花太多時(shí)間，我的工作人員會(huì)生氣的?，F(xiàn)在請(qǐng)?zhí)釂?wèn)，我想兩邊走道應(yīng)該都有麥克風(fēng)。我──我這里太亮，看不清楚。

Q: Good morning, Mr. President [sic]. And I’m a -- student from the medical school of Sichuan University. But my question is about economy first. And as you know that the China holds about $1 trillion U.S. bonds of treasury bonds. And that much money -- actually the value is uncertain because of the downgrade of U.S. credit rating. You seem to have instilled the confidence of the U.S. financial well-being into young people today because I heard you say that the U.S. economy is really resilient. And -- but words alone cannot ease the mounting concern over the safety of China’s assets. So we would like to hear more about what measures you’re going to implement to reduce those deficits and redeem the financial strength of America.

THE VICE PRESIDENT: It’s a very good question. One of the multiple rating agencies reduced our rating from AAA to -- plus -- come down one notch. And that was very disturbing and bothersome to us, and we have to deal with is.

副總統(tǒng)：這個(gè)問(wèn)題提得很好。多家評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)中有一家把我們的信貸評(píng)級(jí)從AAA下調(diào)了一級(jí)。這件事造成了一些困擾，對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)麻煩，我們不得不應(yīng)對(duì)。

We do have a deficit that I was asked by the President to head up a commission to try to deal with that deficit. And we made some significant progress, but not the progress we could have made and will make. The bottom line is we have to deal with two elements of our economy. One is what we call entitlement programs -- long-term commitments to our people in the area of particularly Medicare. That is the safety net we have for people once they reach the age of 65 to be able to be assured that they have health care.

我們的財(cái)政確實(shí)有赤字，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)請(qǐng)我主持一個(gè)委員會(huì)來(lái)努力管理這項(xiàng)赤字。我們?nèi)〉昧艘恍┲卮筮M(jìn)展，但還沒(méi)有取得我們本應(yīng)取得和即將取得的進(jìn)展。最根本的是，我們必須調(diào)整我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的兩個(gè)要素。一個(gè)是我們所說(shuō)的“福利計(jì)劃”，特別是在聯(lián)邦老年醫(yī)保計(jì)劃方面向美國(guó)人民作出的長(zhǎng)期承諾。該計(jì)劃是我們?yōu)槔夏耆颂峁┑尼t(yī)療保障，也就是年滿65歲即可享受的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)。

And it is not sustainable without some changes in large part because we had what we call a baby boom, which doesn’t sound like much to Chinese -- 40 million people is not a big deal, I know. (Laughter.) But adding 40 million people to those who will benefit from the Medicare -- Medicaid payment -- Medicare payments has put the program in a position where changes have to be made.

如果不進(jìn)行某些改變，該計(jì)劃將無(wú)法持續(xù)，主要原因是我們?cè)?jīng)有過(guò)一個(gè)所謂的“嬰兒潮”，這一時(shí)期出生的人有4,000萬(wàn)，我知道對(duì)中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)這不算多，沒(méi)什么大不了。(笑聲)但是，如果聯(lián)邦老年醫(yī)保計(jì)劃的受益者再增加4,000萬(wàn)人，就會(huì)入不敷出，因此必須對(duì)該計(jì)劃作出改變。

It’s easy to make those changes, and we had a tentative agreement to do that between the major political leaders of the Republican Party and the Democratic Party and the administration. But there is a group within the Republican Party that is a very strong voice now that did -- wanted different changes, and so that deal fell through at the very end.

要實(shí)現(xiàn)這些變革并不難，共和黨和民主黨的主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人以及奧巴馬政府之間曾經(jīng)達(dá)成一個(gè)初步協(xié)議。但共和黨內(nèi)部現(xiàn)在有一群嗓門很大的人，他們要求作出另外的改變，因此這項(xiàng)交易在最后關(guān)頭夭折了。

What we ended up doing is setting up a system whereby we did cut by $1.2 trillion upfront, the deficit over the next 10 years. And we set up a group of senators that have to come up with another $1.2 to $1.7 trillion in savings or automatically there will be cuts that go into effect in January to get those savings. So the savings will be accomplished. But as I was talking to some of your leaders, you share a similar concern here in China. You have no safety net. Your policy has been one which I fully understand -- I’m not second-guessing -- of one child per family. The result being that you’re in a position where one wage earner will be taking care of four retired people. Not sustainable.

我們最后做到的是建立了一個(gè)框架，在這個(gè)框架內(nèi)我們決定把今后10年的赤字初步削減1.2萬(wàn)億美元。我們還成立了一個(gè)參議員小組，該小組必須提出另外削減1.2萬(wàn)億至1.7萬(wàn)億美元的計(jì)劃，否則明年一月削減自動(dòng)生效，以省下這筆錢。因此，縮減開(kāi)支的目的一定會(huì)達(dá)到。但正如我通過(guò)與你們的一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人談話所了解到的，你們?cè)谥袊?guó)也有類似的擔(dān)憂。你們?nèi)狈ι鐣?huì)保障網(wǎng)。你們一直實(shí)行一個(gè)家庭只生一個(gè)孩子的政策——我完全理解這一政策，也不會(huì)在這里指手劃腳。但這種政策的結(jié)果是，一個(gè)賺取工薪的人將要照料四個(gè)退休的老人。這也是一種不可持續(xù)的狀況。

So hopefully we can act in a way on a problem that's much less severe than yours, and maybe we can learn together from how we can do that.

所以，我希望我們能夠?qū)@個(gè)問(wèn)題采取行動(dòng)——與你們面臨的問(wèn)題相比,我們的問(wèn)題相對(duì)容易解決——或許我們可以共同探索如何解決這些問(wèn)題。

But in the meantime, the concern that we will not make good on the investments that people have made -- in your case up to $1.7 trillion total out of a very large economy is not to worry about. We could not afford -- we could not afford not to make good on that requirement.

但與此同時(shí)，擔(dān)心我們作為一個(gè)非常大型的經(jīng)濟(jì)不會(huì)保持對(duì)人們投資的承諾——在你們的情況下有高達(dá)1.7萬(wàn)億美元——是不需要的。我們不能不——我們不能不兌現(xiàn)承諾。

And that's why the irony was that in the Treasury offering in the first four days after the downgrade, more people actually came and bought our treasuries than before. And the interest rate paid on those treasury notes actually went down because they were so much in demand. So obviously, the rest of the world didn't think we were about not to. If the world thought, my God, they’ve been downgraded, and they are not going to make good on their debt, it would not have been viewed as the safest haven in the whole world to invest. We are still -- for all the economic difficulties nation’s have -- we are still the single best bet in the world in terms of where to invest.

這也就是為什么有意思的是，就國(guó)債發(fā)行而言，在降級(jí)后的最初四天里，其實(shí)有比過(guò)去更多的人來(lái)購(gòu)買我們的國(guó)庫(kù)券。而且需求之大，這些債券的利息率還降低了。所以顯然，世界其他地方?jīng)]有認(rèn)為我們將要不行了。如果全世界認(rèn)為，天哪，他們被降級(jí)了，他們即將無(wú)法還債了，那么美國(guó)就不會(huì)被視為是全世界最安全的投資之地。我們?nèi)匀皇?mdash;—盡管我們有種種經(jīng)濟(jì)困難——就投資而言，我們?nèi)匀皇侨澜缱钭畋ｋU(xiǎn)的地方。

And so -- but we do have to deal with the deficit. We will deal with it, and that's what this 2012 election is going to be about. The American people are going to speak on that.

所以說(shuō)——但是，我們的確必須解決赤字問(wèn)題。我們會(huì)解決它，這也將是2012年選舉的焦點(diǎn)。美國(guó)人民將對(duì)此發(fā)出他們的聲音。

Now, look, one last point, both our countries are going through a political transition in 2012. And it’s very important in my view that we both are aware of the political sensitivities in each of the countries as they go through that. But I’m confident we will come out stronger, as will you. But I don't in any way suggest -- please don't have the press read that Biden said that $1.7 trillion investment in the United States is not a big deal. It is a big deal if you are a Chinese. (Laughter.) It is not a big deal in terms of our financial instruments. It is a very small part, and so the Chinese people should take solace. In order for us not to make good on China’s debt, we would have to disappoint tens of millions of Americans who own 85 percent of that debt. And just in pure political terms, no politician wants to do that. (Laughter.) You’re safe. (Applause.)

還有最后一點(diǎn)。我們兩國(guó)都要在2012年經(jīng)歷政治更迭期。我認(rèn)為，我們都非常有必要認(rèn)識(shí)到各國(guó)在這一轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)期時(shí)具有的政治敏感。但我有信心，我們將由此而變得更加強(qiáng)大，你們也一樣。但我絕對(duì)不是說(shuō)——請(qǐng)新聞界不要將此解讀為拜登說(shuō)在美國(guó)1.7萬(wàn)億的投資沒(méi)什么了不得的;如果你是中國(guó)人，這是了不得的。(笑聲)但是作為我們的金融手段而言，它不是了不得的，它是很小的一部分，所以中國(guó)人民應(yīng)該安心。如果要讓我們無(wú)法兌現(xiàn)中國(guó)的債務(wù)，那我們必須首先要讓千百萬(wàn)美國(guó)人失望，他們是85%國(guó)債的債權(quán)人。僅純粹從政治角度而言，沒(méi)有任何政治人物想這樣做。(笑聲)你們是安全的。(掌聲)

THE VICE PRESIDENT: Question. Young man in the striped shirt here. Can you get him the microphone?

Q: Thank you, very much, Your Excellency Vice President. I see you not just as the Vice President but a veteran and accomplished public speaker.

THE VICE PRESIDENT: Do I look that old? (Laughter.)

Q: I mean being serious -- so as is known to all, public speaking, and English public speaking, in particular, is getting all the more popular in China. So my question is twofold: First of all, what role has public speaking played in your life? Because we say that public speaking is the language of leadership. And secondly, what role do you think public speaking will play among our youth of the two countries and to our bilateral relations? Thank you very much. (Applause.)

THE VICE PRESIDENT: That's a very good question. Let me order my thoughts here to make this as brief as I can. The commodity that is worth a lot more than public speaking is sincerity when one speaks. I mean this sincerely now. (Laughter.) There are great orators that have come along in the world history who have been charlatans. So the most important thing to look to in a leader’s speech is not the elegance or the rhetorical flourish of his or her comments, but the judgment of whether or not you believe they are sincere in what they're saying.

副總統(tǒng)：這個(gè)問(wèn)題提得很好。我來(lái)整理一下思緒，以便盡量簡(jiǎn)要地作出回答。對(duì)于演講者來(lái)說(shuō)，遠(yuǎn)比演講技巧有價(jià)值的一點(diǎn)是真誠(chéng)。我說(shuō)這句話的時(shí)候就是真誠(chéng)的。(笑聲)在世界歷史上有一些享有盛名的演說(shuō)家其實(shí)是江湖騙子。因此，在聽(tīng)一位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人演說(shuō)時(shí)，最重要的不是看其能否侃侃而談或其言辭是否文采飛揚(yáng)，而在于你是否認(rèn)為演講人在講話時(shí)態(tài)度誠(chéng)懇。

Secondly, you compliment me by saying I’m an accomplished public speaker. I don't know whether you’ve had an opportunity to see a movie that has gotten worldwide circulation called “The King’s Speech.” Well, but for the royal blood and the money, that could have been me. I was a serious stutterer when I was in school as a child, as a high school student, and even into college. And I practiced very, very hard by myself, standing in front of a mirror, trying to annunciate without contorting my face.

其次，你夸獎(jiǎng)我是一位很有造詣的演說(shuō)家。我不知道你是否有機(jī)會(huì)看過(guò)在世界各地廣泛放映的一個(gè)電影，叫做“國(guó)王的演說(shuō)”。如果忽略王室出身和金錢，那個(gè)人可能就是我。我從小學(xué)到高中甚至大學(xué)一直有很嚴(yán)重的口吃。我刻苦練習(xí)，站在鏡子前面，努力在發(fā)音時(shí)不把臉扭歪。

When you think about it, whether it’s China or America, the only impediment people feel free to make fun of and humor of is a stutterer. If I had a deformed face, you would not make fun of my face. But if I stood before you and ta-ta-talked to-to-to you like that, you’d do what you’re now -- you’re smiling. And it’s offensive. It’s offensive. Because it is a serious impediment. When one stutters, people believe they are stupid. People believe they are not worth much. And there’s tens of millions of people around the world trapped with a keen mind and big heart, trapped inside of a body that cannot articulate what they feel.

我們可以想一想，無(wú)論是在中國(guó)還是美國(guó)，人們可以隨意開(kāi)玩笑或取笑的唯一生理缺陷是口吃。如果我有一張殘缺變形的臉，你們不會(huì)取笑我的臉。但是，如果我站在你們面前，像這樣跟跟跟你們講講講話，你們可能會(huì)像現(xiàn)在這樣——在微笑?？蛇@樣做是非常不禮貌的。這樣做是非常不禮貌的，因?yàn)檫@是一種嚴(yán)重的生理缺陷。人們往往認(rèn)為口吃的人很笨，認(rèn)為他們沒(méi)什么用處，然而世界上有千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)聰明善良的人只是由于生理上的障礙不能表達(dá)他們的情感。

And the reason I bother to mention that to you is to get to the third and most important point. Speech, communication -- to state the obvious -- is the currency of understanding. It’s the currency with which we exchange ideas. It’s stuff from which flows the sense of whether one is being truthful or honest or sincere. We judge from the way people speak whether they’re being transparent and open, whether they're being cramped and cabined. And so the thing that I’m most embarrassed about in my career of 38 years of having an opportunity to literally meet every major world leader in the last 38 years. I was elected as a 30 -- 29-year-old, young man from modest means. And I’ve had that opportunity. The thing that always embarrasses me is -- and in the back of my head, I’m embarrassed in front of you -- I’m embarrassed I can’t speak to you in Chinese. I would -- seriously -- I would rather be able to honor you and show my respect for you by speaking your language, as you honor me by speaking mine.

我跟你們提到這件事是因?yàn)槲乙v的第三點(diǎn)也是最重要的一點(diǎn)。言語(yǔ)、交流——表達(dá)清楚明白的想法——是達(dá)到理解的途徑，是我們交換想法的途徑，也是我們借以判斷一個(gè)人是否真實(shí)、誠(chéng)實(shí)或真誠(chéng)的途徑。通過(guò)人們講話的方式，我們可以判斷他們是開(kāi)誠(chéng)布公還是居心叵測(cè)。在我38年的職業(yè)生涯中——我曾有機(jī)會(huì)在這38年中與世界各地的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)晤——有一點(diǎn)讓我感到羞愧。我家境貧寒，30歲——其實(shí)是29歲——贏得選舉擔(dān)任公職。我得到了這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。有一點(diǎn)總是讓我感到羞愧的是——此刻我站在你們面前，內(nèi)心也感到同樣的羞愧——我為不能跟你們講中文而感到羞愧。我希望——這是真話——我能夠說(shuō)你們的語(yǔ)言，以此向你們表示敬意，正如你們講我的母語(yǔ)是對(duì)我表示尊重。

And so language, the ability not only to master the ability to put your ideas into words succinctly on a platform to communicate ideas to your own people, it is even more impressive when you have the capacity to do that and communicate your ideas, especially as future business and political and moral leaders of the world in the language of the people to whom you are speaking.

語(yǔ)言是一種能力，它不僅能夠使你站在講臺(tái)上用詞匯明確地表達(dá)你的想法，向同胞們表達(dá)你的想法，更令人欽佩的是，它使你能夠用其他人的母語(yǔ)表達(dá)你的想法，特別是作為世界上未來(lái)的企業(yè)家、政治家和道德典范。

So I think there is no greater resource that a nation could seek than having a group of people who were able to communicate in the same idiom, the same dialect, the same -- the same pattern as the people to whom as they're speaking. Because this is all about -- all about -- understanding one another.

因此，對(duì)于一個(gè)國(guó)家而言，我認(rèn)為最寶貴的資源就是有這樣一批人，他們能夠用對(duì)方的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)、方言乃至遵循對(duì)方的語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣表達(dá)自己，因?yàn)闅w根結(jié)底最重要的是互相理解。

Let me conclude by saying this. My father was a high school-educated man. He never went to a university and -- nor did my mother or anyone in my family at that time. But my father was an elegant, decent man -- eloquent and elegant, decent man. My father used to have an expression, and maybe it’s the best way for me to conclude my comments with you all, and I wish I could stay later -- longer, sincerely wish I could. He used to say, Joe, the only conflict that is worse than one that is intended is one that is unintended. The only conflict worse than one that is intended is one that is unintended.

最后，我還要說(shuō)幾句。我父親是個(gè)受過(guò)高中教育的人。他從來(lái)沒(méi)進(jìn)過(guò)大學(xué)——那個(gè)時(shí)候， 我母親和任何家人都沒(méi)進(jìn)過(guò)大學(xué)。但我父親是一個(gè)文雅、體面的人——有口才、溫文爾雅和體面的人。我父親總喜歡說(shuō)這樣一句話，或許我最好用這句話結(jié)束對(duì)大家的講話，我希望我可以多留一會(huì)，——多呆一些時(shí)間，我衷心希望我能如此。他常說(shuō)，喬，唯一比意想之中的沖突更糟的是意想不到的沖突。唯一比意想之中的沖突更糟的是意想不到的沖突。

Language, speech, interchange, openness, communication -- that is the material that can be used to lessen the possibility of the unintended, the unintended conflict. I have great faith in all of you. I mean this sincerely. You’re an incredible country, an incredible people. And the fact there’s a hundred thousand students here at this great university, the fact that there are millions of Chinese at universities throughout -- throughout this country; the fact that there’s 130,000 Chinese nationals speaking -- citizens, going to American universities is the stuff which gives me faith.

語(yǔ)言、話語(yǔ)、交流、開(kāi)放、溝通——這是可以用來(lái)減少可能產(chǎn)生意想不到的、意外的沖突的方式。我對(duì)你們大家有極大的信心。我真心這樣想。你們是一個(gè)了不起的國(guó)家、了不起的民族。在這所優(yōu)秀的學(xué)校有成千上萬(wàn)的學(xué)生，在整個(gè)國(guó)家有數(shù)百萬(wàn)人上大學(xué);有13萬(wàn)中國(guó)人上美國(guó)大學(xué)，有關(guān)的事實(shí)就是我信心的來(lái)源。

Believe in yourselves. Believe in yourselves. You have the capacity to do anything, anything anyone in the world has ever done. And the more you do, the better off my granddaughter and my great granddaughter’s generation are going to be.

相信你們自己。相信你們自己。你們有能力做任何事情，做任何世界上任何人曾經(jīng)做過(guò)的事。你們做得越多，我的孫女和我的重孫女的這一代人都將過(guò)得更好。

Thank you for the honor of being here. (Applause.) Thank you, all, very much. (Applause.)

感謝你們讓我有幸來(lái)到這里。(掌聲。)謝謝大家，多謝。(掌聲。)