2013年5月二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)真題

《二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)》

1. 英譯漢第一篇：節(jié)選自The New York Times，原文標(biāo)題為：Ancient Arab Shipwreck Yields Secrets of Ninth-Century Trade

原文地址：https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/08/arts/08iht-singshow08.html

For more than a decade, archaeologists and historians have been studying the contents of a ninth-century Arab dhow that was discovered in 1998 off Indonesia’s Belitung Island. The sea-cucumber divers who found the wreck had no idea it eventually would be considered one of the most important maritime discoveries of the late 20th century.

The dhow was carrying a rich cargo — 60,000 ceramic pieces and an array of gold and silver works — and its discovery has confirmed how significant trade was along a maritime silk road between Tang Dynasty China and Abbasid Iraq. It also has revealed how China was mass-producing trade goods even then and customizing them to suit the tastes of clients in West Asia.

“Shipwrecked: Tang Treasures and Monsoon Winds,” at the new, lotus-shaped ArtScience Museum designed by Moshe Safdie, presents items from the Belitung wreck. Curated by the Asian Civilisations Museum here and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery in Washington, the show is expected to travel to museums around the world over the next five to six years.

“This exhibition tells us a story about an extraordinary moment in globalization,” said Julian Raby, director of the Smithsonian’s Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery. “It brings to life the tale of Sinbad sailing to China to make his fortune. It shows us that the world in the ninth century was not as fragmented as we assumed. There were two great export powers: the Tang in the east and the Abbasid based in Baghdad.”

Until the Belitung find, historians had thought that Tang China traded primarily through the land routes of Central Asia, mainly on the Silk Road. Ancient records told of Persian fleets sailing the Southeast Asian seas but no wrecks had been found, until the Belitung dhow. Its cargo confirmed that a huge volume of trade was taking place along a maritime route, said Heidi Tan, a curator at the Asian Civilisations Museum and a curator of the exhibition.

Mr. Raby said: “The size of the find gives us a sense of two things: a sense of China as a country already producing things on an industrialized scale and also a China that is no longer producing ceramics to bury.” He was referring to the production of burial pottery like camels and horses, which was banned in the late eighth century. “Instead, kilns looked for other markets and they started producing tableware and they built an export market.”

2. 英譯漢第二篇：同樣節(jié)選自The New York Times，原文標(biāo)題為：E.U. Signals Big Shift on Genetically Modified Crops

原文地址：https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/10/business/energy-environment/10green.html

Madeira is more than 500 kilometers from the African coast and is officially one of the “outermost regions” of the European Union. Despite that far-flung status, Madeira catapulted into the center of the Union’s agricultural and environmental affairs last year when Portugal asked the European Commission for permission to impose an unprecedented ban on growing biotech crops there.

Last week, the commission quietly let the deadline pass for opposing Portugal’s request, allowing Madeira, which is one of Portugal’s autonomous regions, to become the first E.U. territory to get formal permission from Brussels to remain entirely free of genetically modified organisms. Madeira now will probably go ahead and implement the ban, a spokeswoman for the Portuguese government said Friday.

Individual European countries and regions have banned certain genetically modified crops before. Many consumers and farmers in countries like Austria, France and Italy regard the crops as potentially dangerous and likely to contaminate organically produced food. But the case of Madeira represents a significant landmark, because it is the first time the commission, which runs the day-to-day affairs of the European Union, has permitted a country to impose such a sweeping and definitive rejection of the technology.

The Madeirans’ main concerns focused on preserving the archipelago’s biodiversity and its forest of subtropical laurel trees. Such forests, known as laurisilva, were once widespread on the European mainland but were wiped out thousands of years ago during an earlier period of climate change. That has left Madeira with “much the largest extent of laurel forest surviving in the world, with a unique suite of plants and animals,” according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, which named the Madeiran laurisilva a World Heritage Site in 1999. The forest also is a growing attraction for tourists, who make up a significant portion of Madeira’s earnings.

In seeking to ban biotechnology on Madeira, the Portuguese government told the commission that it would be impossible to separate crops containing genetically engineered material from other plant life. The “risk to nature presented by the deliberate release of GMOs is so dangerous and poses such a threat to the environmental and ecological health of Madeira, that it is not worthwhile risking their use, either directly in the agricultural sector or even on an experimental basis,” the Portuguese told the commission.

3. 漢譯英第一篇：

稀土是不可再生的重要自然資源，在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中的用途日益廣泛，如光學(xué)、電子信息、航空航天、核工業(yè)等尖端科技領(lǐng)域。目前我國(guó)的稀土儲(chǔ)量占世界的30%，卻長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)供應(yīng)了國(guó)際97%的市場(chǎng)需求。

我國(guó)的稀土儲(chǔ)量全球最高。2010年，中國(guó)稀土儲(chǔ)量達(dá)到3600萬(wàn)噸，占到全球稀土儲(chǔ)量的36.4%。同時(shí)中國(guó)也是全球最大的稀土生產(chǎn)國(guó)，中國(guó)稀土礦產(chǎn)量達(dá)到12.9萬(wàn)噸，占到全球產(chǎn)量的97%。

中國(guó)稀土行業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，為全球稀土供應(yīng)作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。但同時(shí)也為此付出了巨大代價(jià)。由于稀土資源的稀缺性和開(kāi)采高污染性，全球稀土儲(chǔ)量國(guó)許多廠都關(guān)閉了，直接從中國(guó)進(jìn)口稀土。

目前，我國(guó)稀土私采亂挖、浪費(fèi)資源等情況依然猖獗。一些私采亂挖的礦山，稀土開(kāi)采的噸回收率甚至只有5%，稀土資源被大量浪費(fèi)，并由此引發(fā)巨大環(huán)境問(wèn)題。我們需要制定相關(guān)政策，減少稀土資源的過(guò)度開(kāi)采。在稀土的開(kāi)采、生產(chǎn)、出口等環(huán)節(jié)綜合采取措施，加大資源和環(huán)境保護(hù)的力度，努力促進(jìn)稀土行業(yè)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。

4. 漢譯英第二篇：節(jié)選自2011年全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)工作報(bào)告

中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義法律體系的形成，總體上解決了有法可依的問(wèn)題。在這種情況下，有法必依、執(zhí)法必嚴(yán)、違法必究的問(wèn)題就顯得更突出、更緊迫。這也是廣大人民群眾和社會(huì)各方面普遍關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。因此，我們要采取以下措施，切實(shí)保障憲法和法律的有效實(shí)施。

一要維護(hù)憲法和法律的權(quán)威和尊嚴(yán)。一切國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)、武裝力量、各政黨、各社會(huì)團(tuán)體、各企事業(yè)單位都必須遵守憲法和法律，任何組織或者個(gè)人都不得有超越憲法和法律的特權(quán)。

二要堅(jiān)持依法行政和公正司法。國(guó)家行政機(jī)關(guān)要嚴(yán)格按照法定權(quán)限和程序辦事，加快建設(shè)法治政府。國(guó)家審判機(jī)關(guān)、檢察機(jī)關(guān)要依法獨(dú)立公正行使審判權(quán)、檢察權(quán)，維護(hù)社會(huì)公平正義。

三要增強(qiáng)全社會(huì)的法律意識(shí)和法治觀念。讓各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部和國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)工作人員帶頭遵守憲法和法律，善于運(yùn)用法律解決現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的實(shí)際問(wèn)題，讓廣大人民群眾懂得依法按程序表達(dá)利益訴求、解決矛盾糾紛，用法律武器維護(hù)自身的合法權(quán)益。