2020考研英語閱讀理解精讀100篇：Unit 89

Unit 89

Sleep is a funny thing. We’re taught that we should get seven or eight hours a night, but a lot of us get by just fine on less, and some of us actually sleep too much. ① A study out of the University of Buffalo last month reported that people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of stroke—probably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing soundly.

Doctors have their own special sleep problems. Residents are famously sleep deprived. When I was training to become a neurosurgeon, it was not unusual to work 40 hours in a row without rest. Most of us took it in stride, confident we could still deliver the highest quality of medical care. Maybe we shouldn’t have been so sure of ourselves. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association points out that in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness, a person’s motor performance is comparable to that of someone who is legally intoxicated. ② Curiously, surgeons who believe that operating under the influence is the reason for dismissal often don’t think twice about operating without enough sleep.

“I could tell you horror stories,” says Jaya Agrawal, president of the American Medical Student Association, which runs a website where residents can post anonymous anecdotes. Some are terrifying. “I was operating after being up for over 36 hours,” one writes. “I literally fell asleep standing up and nearly face planted into the wound.”

“Practically every surgical resident I know has fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from work,” writes another. “I know of three who have hit parked cars. Another hit a ‘Jersey barrier’ on the New Jersey Turnpike, going 65 m. p. h.” “Your own patients have become the enemy,” writes a third, because they are “the one thing that stands between you and a few hours of sleep.”

Agrawal’s organization is supporting the Patient and Physician Safety and Protection Act of 2001, introduced last November by Representative John Conyers Jr. of Michigan. Its key provisions, modeled on New York State’s regulations, include an 80-hour workweek and a 24-hour work-shift limit. Most doctors, however, resist such interference. Dr. Charles Binkley, a senior surgery resident at the University of Michigan, agrees that something needs to be done but believes “doctors should be bound by their conscience, not by the government.”

The U.S. controls the hours of pilots and truck drivers. But until such a system is in place for doctors, patients are on their own. If you’re worried about the people treating you or a loved one, you should feel free to ask how many hours of sleep they have had and if more-rested staffers are available. Doctors, for their part, have to give up their pose of infallibility and get the rest they need.

注（1）：本文選自Time；

注（2）：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象：第1、2題分別模仿1999年真題Text 4第1題和Text 2第2題；第3題模仿1998年真題Text 3第2題；第4、5題分別模仿2004年真題Text 2第3題和Text 3第5題。

1. We can learn from the first paragraph that ______.

A) people who sleep less than 8 hours a day are more prone to illness

B) poor sleep quality may be a sign of physical disorder

C) stroke is often associated with sleep

D) too much sleep can be as harmful as lack of sleep

2. Speaking of the sleep problems doctors face, the author implies that ______.

A) doctors often need little sleep to keep them energetic

B) doctors’ sleep is deprived by residents

C) doctors tend to neglect their own sleep problems

D) sleep-deprived doctors are intoxicated

3. Paragraphs 3 and 4 are written to ______.

A) entertain the audience with some anecdotes

B) discuss the cause of doctors’ sleep problems

C) show the hostility doctors harbor against their patients

D) exemplify the danger doctors face caused by lack of sleep

4. By “doctors should be bound by their conscience, not by the government” （Lines 5~6, Paragraph 5）, Dr. Charles Binkley means that ______.

A) doctors should not abide by government’s regulations

B) the government is interfering too much

C) the regulations about workweek and work shift are too specific

D) law cannot force a doctor to sleep while his conscience can

5. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?

A) Patients should control the working hours of their doctors.

B) Pilots and truck drivers work in safer environments than that of doctors’.

C) Patients are facing more risks if their doctors are not adequately-rested.

D) People concerned have the right to remove their doctors from their positions.

篇章剖析

本篇文章采用提出問題—分析問題—解決問題的模式指出了醫(yī)生睡眠不足會帶來的危害以及解決辦法。第一段說明了睡眠對人的影響；第二段指出了醫(yī)生睡眠不足的問題以及醫(yī)生對此的態(tài)度；第三段至第四段以兩個(gè)事例說明醫(yī)生睡眠不足可能帶來的危害；第四段介紹了政府針對這一問題所采取的措施以及醫(yī)生對此的反應(yīng)；最后一段分別對病人、相關(guān)人員及醫(yī)生提出建議。

詞匯注釋

underlying /??nd??la???/ adj. 潛在的，隱晦的

resident /?rez?d?nt/ n. 住院醫(yī)生

deprived /d??pra?vd/ adj. 缺乏的，不足的

neurosurgeon /?nj??r???s??d??n/ n. 神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)生

intoxicated /?n?t?ks?ke?t?d/ adj. 醉酒的

dismissal /d?s?m?s?l/ n. 免職，解雇

anonymous /??n?n?m?s/ adj. 匿名的

Turnpike /?t??n?pa?k/ n. 〈美〉 收費(fèi)公路，收通行稅的公路

provision /pr??v???n/ n. 規(guī)定；條款

staffer /?stɑ?f?/ n. 職員

infallibility /?n?f?l??b?l?ti/ n. 絕無錯(cuò)誤，絕對可靠

難句突破

① A study out of the University of Buffalo last month reported that people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of stroke—probably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing soundly.

主體句式：A study reported that...

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是個(gè)復(fù)雜長句，包含一個(gè)賓語從句（reported之后由that引導(dǎo)），兩個(gè)定語從句（who引導(dǎo)的修飾people的從句和that引導(dǎo)的修飾disorder的從句），一個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu)的省略形式（three times as likely to...）和一個(gè)容易理解錯(cuò)誤的動詞短語keep... from...。

句子譯文：上個(gè)月由布法羅大學(xué)所做的一項(xiàng)研究顯示那些每天習(xí)慣睡八個(gè)小時(shí)以上但仍然感覺疲勞的人死于中風(fēng)的危險(xiǎn)是普通人的近三倍——也許這是一種潛在的紊亂導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，正是這種紊亂才讓他們難以安睡。

② Curiously, surgeons who believe that operating under the influence is the reason for dismissal often don’t think twice about operating without enough sleep.

主體句式：Surgeons don’t think twice.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句涉及定語從句（who引導(dǎo)的修飾surgeons的從句），賓語從句（believe后面由that引導(dǎo)的從句），和一個(gè)英語習(xí)語think twice about something以及容易引起歧義的介詞without。

句子譯文：令人好奇的是，那些認(rèn)為酒后作業(yè)應(yīng)該被免職的外科醫(yī)生卻很少認(rèn)真思考在睡眠不足的情況下操刀手術(shù)的后果。

題目分析

1. B 推理題。從第一段最后一句話中的“probably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing soundly”可以看出潛在的紊亂可能導(dǎo)致人們睡眠質(zhì)量不高，雖然睡眠時(shí)間長，但仍然感到疲憊。因此B項(xiàng)是正確的。

2. C 推理題。文章第二段最后一句話說醫(yī)生們雖然認(rèn)為醉酒后給病人做手術(shù)應(yīng)該受到嚴(yán)懲，但對于在睡眠不足的情況下做手術(shù)卻并不“think twice”。由此可見C是正確的。

3. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段指出醫(yī)生睡眠不足以及醫(yī)生對此缺乏重視的問題，緊接著就在第三、四段里舉了幾個(gè)例子：醫(yī)生的臉差點(diǎn)碰到傷口，醫(yī)生開車時(shí)趴在方向盤上睡著、撞車或撞到公路收費(fèi)站欄桿等。可見這些例子是要說明睡眠不足可能帶來的危害。

4. B 語義題。對于政府制定法規(guī)解決醫(yī)生睡眠不足的問題，文章第五段第三句說“Most doctors, however, resist such interference”，并進(jìn)一步引用Charles Binkley醫(yī)生的話進(jìn)行論證，可見Charles Binkley也認(rèn)為政府干預(yù)過多了。所以應(yīng)該選擇B。

5. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章在最后給醫(yī)生提出建議，認(rèn)為醫(yī)生應(yīng)該改正認(rèn)為他們絕不出錯(cuò)的態(tài)度，得到充足的休息，否則“patients are on their own”，病人就只能聽天由命了。由此可見C是正確答案。

參考譯文

睡眠是一件有趣的事情。我們被教導(dǎo)每晚要睡七八個(gè)小時(shí)，但我們很多人并沒有睡夠這個(gè)時(shí)間卻依然身體健康，而我們中的一些人實(shí)際上睡得過多。上個(gè)月由布法羅大學(xué)所做的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，那些每天習(xí)慣睡八個(gè)小時(shí)以上但仍然感覺疲勞的人死于中風(fēng)的危險(xiǎn)是普通人的近三倍——也許這是一種潛在的紊亂導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，正是這種紊亂才讓他們難以安睡。

醫(yī)生們也有自己特殊的睡眠問題。住院醫(yī)生以缺少睡眠而著稱。我在受訓(xùn)成為一名神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)生的時(shí)候，時(shí)常會連續(xù)工作40個(gè)小時(shí)。我們大多數(shù)人對此不以為意，自信我們?nèi)匀荒軌蚪o病人提供最高質(zhì)量的醫(yī)療護(hù)理。也許我們不應(yīng)該對自己這么自信?！睹绹t(yī)學(xué)會雜志》上刊登的一篇文章指出，一個(gè)人如果連續(xù)24小時(shí)不睡，那么到了早晨，他的運(yùn)動能力就和那些飲酒后酒精濃度超標(biāo)的人差不多。令人好奇的是，那些認(rèn)為醉酒后做手術(shù)應(yīng)該被免職的外科醫(yī)生卻很少認(rèn)真思考在睡眠不足的情況下操刀手術(shù)的后果。

“我可以告訴你一些恐怖的故事，”美國醫(yī)學(xué)生學(xué)會主席杰雅·阿格拉瓦說。阿格拉瓦經(jīng)營著一個(gè)網(wǎng)站，住院醫(yī)生們可以在那里匿名留言，講一些奇聞軼事。有一些故事非常可怕。“我當(dāng)時(shí)在做手術(shù)，已經(jīng)有36個(gè)小時(shí)沒有睡覺了，”其中一人寫道?！拔也畈欢嗾局?，而且我的臉幾乎碰到了傷口?！?

“實(shí)際上我認(rèn)識的每個(gè)外科住院醫(yī)生都曾經(jīng)有過在下班開車回家的路上趴在方向盤上睡著的經(jīng)歷，”另一人寫道。“我聽說有三個(gè)人還曾經(jīng)撞在停放好的汽車上。另一個(gè)人在紐約收費(fèi)公路上行駛時(shí)以65英里的時(shí)速撞上了一個(gè)收費(fèi)站欄桿?！薄澳阕约旱牟∪硕汲闪藬橙?，”第三個(gè)人寫道，因?yàn)椤笆撬麄兪鼓銦o緣幾個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠?！?

阿格拉瓦的組織支持由密歇根眾議員約翰·科尼爾斯去年11月提出的“2001年病人和醫(yī)生安全保護(hù)規(guī)定”。該規(guī)定模仿紐約州的法規(guī)，其關(guān)鍵規(guī)定包括一周工作80小時(shí)，最多24小時(shí)輪一次班等。不過，大多數(shù)醫(yī)生討厭這種干涉。查爾斯·賓克利是密歇根大學(xué)的一位資深住院外科醫(yī)生，他也認(rèn)為需要采取一些措施，但在他看來“醫(yī)生應(yīng)該受到個(gè)人良心的約束，而不是政府的管制?！?

在美國，飛行員和卡車司機(jī)的工作時(shí)間都有著嚴(yán)格的控制。但除非也給醫(yī)生們制定這樣一套規(guī)定，否則病人就得聽天由命了。如果你擔(dān)心給你或你愛的人治病的人，你可以大膽問他們每天睡幾個(gè)小時(shí)，可不可以找到休息得更好的職員。對醫(yī)生來說，他們不能繼續(xù)擺出一副從不出錯(cuò)的樣子，而應(yīng)該得到必要的休息。