Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.
While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”
The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_“functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!
One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.
The findings do not simply explain people‘s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.
1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what
2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised
3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by
4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected
5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples
6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible
7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know
8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass
9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus
10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps
11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like
12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit
13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with
14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits
15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier
16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express
17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive
18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency
19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic
20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tell
【參考答案】:
1、【答案】[D] what
【解析】該題考查的是語法知識。根據(jù)句子結構和選項的特點,可以判斷出空格處應填從屬連詞引導從句;再根據(jù)句子的內容,可以看出該從句是一項研究的相關內容(what),不是指研究的時間(when), 原因(why)和方式(how),因此,該題的答案為what.
2、【答案】[B] concluded
【解析】從此題所在的句子的前后內容可以判斷出,that is_______ 中的that是指第一句話的內容(朋友與我們基因上的相關性),很顯然是研究得出的結論。因此,答案為concluded.
3、【答案】[C] on
【解析】根據(jù)空格所在句子的內容(研究對1932分獨特的受試者進行分析)判斷出進行分析的對象是1932 unique subjects.conduct analysis on…是固定表達。
4、【答案】[A] compared
【解析】該空格所在的句子是which 引導的定語從句修飾study,意思是:對幾對基因不相關的朋友和陌生人進行_______.因為“研究”的內容是關于朋友間基因上的相關性問題,所以完整的意思應該是:對幾對基因不相關的朋友和陌生人進行比較。所以最佳答案為compared.
5、【答案】[C] samples
【解析】根據(jù)空格的前后內容判斷,到第五個空為止,文章都在講實驗過程,和實驗對象,第五個空格所在句子的內容是:相同的人們都用于實驗中的這兩類______.所以根據(jù)上下文語境和內容,應該選與實驗對象相對應的samples(樣例)。因此,答案是samples.
6、【答案】[A] insignificant
【解析】空的語境為:盡管這1%看起來似乎____,但是遺傳學家可不這么認為??涨昂笮纬蓪Ρ绒D折的邏輯關系,而從后文列舉的例子中可知遺傳學家James Fowler對這1%基因的態(tài)度是肯定的,故答案為A.
7、【答案】[D] know
【解析】空的語境為:大多數(shù)人甚至不____他們隔三代的表親,但卻設法選擇那些____我們親戚的人作為朋友。填入的詞必須滿足前后句之間的轉折邏輯關系,四個選項帶入,只有D選項符合上下文語義。
8、【答案】[A] resemble
【解析】空的語境為:大多數(shù)人甚至不認識他們隔三代的表親,但卻設法選擇那些____我們親戚的人作為朋友。根據(jù)全文中心:基因上的相似性,可知本題選擇A.
9、【答案】[B] also
【解析】空所在的句子開頭用“The study…”,顯然這是對上文話題的繼續(xù)闡述,前文指出研究發(fā)現(xiàn)朋友與我們有1%的基因關系,而空所在句“the genes for smell were something shared in friends”在進一步詳細討論該話題,前后之間是順接關系,故答案為B.
10、【答案】[D] Perhaps
【解析】從選項和文字中句子結構可以判斷,空格處要求填入一個能夠體現(xiàn)前后兩個句子邏輯關系的副詞,空前的句子談到“為什么在嗅覺基因方面存在相似性還很難解釋”,空后卻緊接著對此得出一個相關結論,很明顯是矛盾的,所以此結論只能是一種不確定的推測,故答案為D.
11、【答案】[B] to
【解析】該題為介詞選擇題。后半句出現(xiàn)比較級,可見是和前文形成比較關系,因此和上半句介詞保持一致,用介詞to.該句翻譯:它(這種相似性)吸引我們到相同的環(huán)境,并且使我們更為相似。因此答案為to.
12、【答案】[A] drive
【解析】該句意思為:很多機制共同作用,從而_____我們選擇基因相似的朋友,_____和_____交朋友的“功能關系”。根據(jù)上下文可知,此處所填入動詞需符合結構_____sb. in doing sth,B選項observe(觀察,遵守)和C選項confuse(困惑)均無此用法。符合該結構只有A選項drive(驅使)和D選項limit(限制)。根據(jù)上下文可得知:這些機制驅使我們選擇基因相似的朋友,符合文章主題。如果選限制則為反向干擾。因此答案為drive.
13、【答案】[B] rather than
【解析】所填詞為邏輯關系短語,空前說選擇基因相似的朋友,空后說具有“實用關系”的朋友,可知前后為對立關系,并且根據(jù)文章主題,可知肯定前者而否定后者,可鎖定B選項rather than.A選項according to(根據(jù))沒有體現(xiàn)出對立及取舍關系,因此排除;C選項regardless of(不管)表讓步關系,干擾性較強,但文章更強調取前舍后,因此排除;D選項along with(伴隨)表順接,故排除。故答案為rather than.
14、【答案】[D] benefits
【解析】根據(jù)前文functional kinship(實用關系)可得出D選項benefits(利益),前后形成呼應。A選項chances(機會)、B選項responses(反應)、C選項missions(使命)均不符合題意。故答案為benefits.
15、【答案】[C] faster
【解析】該句為:evolving ______ than other genes(比其他基因進化得______)。 根據(jù)同詞復現(xiàn),我們找到該段第二句話中:human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years(人類進化在過去30000年間提速)。C 選項faster與下文picked pace(加速)形成呼應,故答案為faster.
16、【答案】[C] understand
【解析】此題考查動詞。根據(jù)語意??崭窈竺媸且粋€why引導的賓語從句,意為“人類進化在過去三萬年間得以加速的原因”,表示這一研究的結果和意義。能與這一賓語從句構成搭配的只有C選項understand.A選項forecast“預測”與“過去三萬年”相矛盾,B選項remember“記住”和D選項“express”均不符合文意。
17、【答案】[B] contributory
【解析】此空需要填入一個形容詞,表達社會環(huán)境對人類進步所起到的作用。help,pick pace這兩個詞表達的都是積極的含義,因此此處需要填入一個帶有褒義的感情色彩的詞, 因此排除A選項“不可預測的”和D選項“破壞性的”; B 而C選項“可控的”,與語意無關;因此正確答案為B選項contributory“促進的”。
18、【答案】[D] tendency
【解析】此處進一步陳述這一研究的結論。A選項endeavor“努力”,B選項“決定”,C選項“安排”,D選項“傾向”。本文的主旨重在解釋人們在交朋友的不自覺的一種傾向,而非通過人為的有意識的舉動來選擇朋友。因此正確答案為D.
19、【答案】[C] ethnic
【解析】結合文意,人們普遍希望和有相似基因背景的人。C選項ethnic意為“種族的,民族的”,是對上文中多次重復出現(xiàn)的genes,以及下文的the same population的同義復現(xiàn)。因此正確答案為C. A選項political“政治的”, B選項“宗教的”,D選項“經(jīng)濟的”均不符合原文文意。
20、【答案】[A] see
【解析】此處考察動詞,動詞勢必要看前后搭配。see that 構成固定詞組,意為“務必使……”,符合文意,即:即使所有的受訪者都擁有歐洲血統(tǒng),(研究者們)仍然悉心確保所有的受訪者、朋友和陌生人都來自于同一群種。選項B“展示”,選項C“證明”,選項D“辨別”均無此含義,且不符合文意。