被動語態(tài)區(qū)別于主動語態(tài)的是謂語動詞必須是及物動詞且之后絕大多數(shù)不能夠再接賓語,只有極少數(shù)可以接雙賓語的動詞,像consider, give, call, name等就可以,比如像:She was considered a genius in painting.
小編提醒:在托??荚嚨母腻e題中,如果在被動句里面,動詞(除了上面提到的接雙賓語的動詞)的被動式后面出現(xiàn)賓語,那么在這里絕對是有錯誤的,可將其改為主動句,但是同樣的,在主動句里面,如果及物動詞后面沒有賓語,此處肯定也是錯誤的,可以將其改為被動句。
其實大家可以將by視為被動語態(tài)的標志詞,在by之后的名詞短語是句子中動作的施動者,因此在題目中如果見到by+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)的時候,最優(yōu)先考慮的就是被動式,比如像:The book was written by Mark Twain.
小編提醒:在by的后面如果接的是動名詞,那么其表示為方式、手段就不能將其視為被動式的標志了,并且此時的謂語應(yīng)該用主動式,如:He passed the exam by cheating.而對于know來講,一般都是用be known to,而不用be know by。有點迷糊?沒事,我們照例來例題解析:
例:The seating of musicians in an orchestra is arranged --- to produce The desired blend of contributor from The various himself to sections.
(A) the conductor of
(B) from the conductor
(C) the conductor and
(D) by the conductor
解析:在題目中,如果不要空白處的話,句子也是很完整的,我們可以清楚的看到空格后的不定式短語表目的,那么可能填入的是arrange的施動者,自然此處應(yīng)該用by來引導(dǎo),A選項中of不能接不定式,C選項不能在被動式后面接賓語,所以選D。
大家都知道被動語態(tài)由助動詞be加上過去分詞構(gòu)成,因此它也會有不同的時態(tài),其時態(tài)主要通過助動詞be來表現(xiàn),在其中,對過去進行時的表示方法大家要留意啊。比如像:The potatoes are being peeled in The machine.當然還有其他的時態(tài),像:
The table has just been cleaned.(現(xiàn)在完成時)
His passport had been changed without His notice.(過去完成時)
The press conference will be held in three weeks.(一般將來時)
這個我們方便大家理解,就直接上例題解析:
例:Experiment in the photography of moving objects --in both the United States and Europe well before 1900.
(A) have had been conducting
(B) were conducting
(C) had been conducted
(D) being conducted
解析:在這個句子中缺少謂語,conduct是及物動詞,因此后面如果沒有賓語的話,基于此,A和B首先接被排除了,D的分詞是不能單獨作謂語的,所以選C。