在實際應(yīng)用中,時態(tài)的基本規(guī)律并不復(fù)雜,只要多想多用,很快就可以掌握的,至于更多的變化,也完全可以在以后的學(xué)習(xí)中逐步掌握的。而能用之后我們又會發(fā)現(xiàn),其實每篇文章里時態(tài)的搭配都可以有多種方案,就像我們每個人的衣著可以有很多種搭配一樣,我們時態(tài)的用法也可以有多種搭配方案,只要能符合表現(xiàn)文章的主題的需要,就應(yīng)該說是正確的。至于哪種是最佳的方案,則各人有個人的看法,所謂仁者見仁,智者見智了。
時態(tài)的含義:
1.一般現(xiàn)在時:表示真理性,經(jīng)常性,習(xí)慣性,普遍性。[在口語里常用,在敘事性文章和故事里很少用]
例句:1.The earth is smaller than the sun. [狀態(tài)][真理性]
2.Tom gets up early every morning. [動作][經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性]
3.Everybody knows him. [普遍性]
2.過去時:表示過去某一時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。 [敘事性的文章和故事里最常用的時態(tài)]。
例句:1.Yesterday we went to the park.[動作]
2.The book was there ten minutes ago. [狀態(tài)]
3.將來時:表示將來某一時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。
例句:1.Tom will help you tomorrow. [動作]
2.We shall be here in time next time. [狀態(tài)]
4.過去將來時:表示從過去某一時間看將在以后某一時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。[注意不要跟現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來]
例句:1.Ten years ago, Mary said she would finish the work in a few days. [動作]
2. Yesterday he thought you would be a good player after five years. [狀態(tài)]
5.現(xiàn)在完成時:表示在現(xiàn)在之前就已經(jīng)完成的動作或狀態(tài)[要特別注意不包括現(xiàn)在]。
例句:1.We have done our homework. [動作]
2.He has been a doctor now. .[狀態(tài)]
6.過去完成時: 表示在過去某時之前就已經(jīng)完成的動作或狀態(tài)。
例句:1.Three days ago he had already finished his homework. [動作]
2.When he was a boy, he had already been a head of the boys. [狀態(tài)]
7.將來完成時:表示在將來某時之前將完成的動作或狀態(tài)。
例句:1.Tomorrow morning, I will have cleaned the windows. [動作]
2.Next Sunday, he will have been a new doctor. [狀態(tài)]
8.過去將來完成時:表示在過去某一時間之前本該完成的動作或狀態(tài)。[一般用于虛擬語態(tài)]
例句:1.If he had worked hard enough, he would have built a new house. [動作] [實際情況是因為他不夠努力,所以新房子連影子都沒有]
2.If he were alive, he would have been a doctor now. .[狀態(tài)][實際情況是他已經(jīng)去世,所以永遠成不了醫(yī)生]
9.現(xiàn)在進行時:在現(xiàn)在之前開始,以后還要延續(xù)一段時間的動作。[要注意只有延續(xù)性動詞可以用進行時]。
例句:Tom is reading a book.
10.過去進行時:在過去某時之前開始,以后還要延續(xù)一段時間的動作。[要注意只有延續(xù)性動詞可以用進行時]。
例句:The dog was eating a bone.
11.將來進行時:在將來某時之前開始,以后還要延續(xù)一段時間的動作。[要注意只有延續(xù)性動詞可以用進行時]。
例句:At ten tomorrow morning, I will be writing the letter for you.
12.過去將來進行時:從過去某時來看將再以后某時之前開始,以后還要延續(xù)一段時間的動作。[要注意只有延續(xù)性動詞可以用進行時]。
例句:Jack told me that he would be working hard the next year.
13.現(xiàn)在完成進行時:在現(xiàn)在之前就已經(jīng)完成并且還要延續(xù)下去的動作。[較少用]
例句:Tom has been reading this book for over ten hours.
14.過去完成進行時:在過去某時之前就已經(jīng)完成并且還要延續(xù)下去的動作。{很少用}
例句:The workers had been building the railway then.
15.將來完成進行時:在將來某時之前就已經(jīng)完成并且還要延續(xù)下去的動作。{很少用}
例句:They will have been making their efforts after that time.
16.過去將來完成進行時:在過去某時之前看來將來某時應(yīng)該已經(jīng)完成并且還要延續(xù)下去的動作。{很少用}
例句:We thought they would have been doing physical training till then.
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