詳解托福閱讀句子插入題的本質(zhì)和原則

　　PART1：一個(gè)本質(zhì)---插入句是一句“可有可無(wú)”的話(huà)。

　　本題的出題位置大家比較清楚，一般處于倒數(shù)第二題的位置，并且用來(lái)出題的段落是大家應(yīng)該在前面的題目中已經(jīng)見(jiàn)到過(guò)，而之前的題目和文章既然大家理解起來(lái)沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)大的障礙，就說(shuō)明插入進(jìn)來(lái)的句子是----一句可有可無(wú)的話(huà)。這就要從兩個(gè)方面來(lái)理解了。

　　何為“可有”?

　　既然插入句能放進(jìn)原文中去，就說(shuō)明它和原文是有一定關(guān)系的，所以叫“可有”，這也就意味著，插入句的部分含義是在原文中有所重復(fù)的。所以我們的重點(diǎn)是回到文中找那部分被重復(fù)的句意。例如：

　　Watt’s steam engine soon showed what it could do。 It liberated industryfrom dependence on running water。 The engine eliminated water in the mines bydriving efficient pumps， which made possible deeper and deeper mining。 Theready availability of coal inspired William Murdoch during the 1790s to developthe first new form of nighttime illumination to be discovered in a millenniumand a half。 Coal gas rivaled smoky oil lamps and flickering candles， and earlyin the new century， well-to-do Londoners grew accustomed to gaslit houses andeven streets。 Iron manufacturers， which had starved for fuel while depending oncharcoal， also benefited from ever-increasing supplies of coal： blast furnaceswith steam-powered bellows turned out more iron and steel for the new machinery.Steam became the motive force of the Industrial Revolution as coal and iron orewere the raw materials。

　　(TPO6-Powering the Industrial Revolution)

　　Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentencecould be added to the passage。

　　The factories did not have to go to the streams when power could come tothe factories。

　　Where would the sentence best fit?

　　在上題 中，“liberated industry from dependence on running water”和 “The factoriesdid not have to go to the streams”句意便發(fā)生了重合。所以我們可以確定，文中第二句話(huà)的前后應(yīng)該是我們可以選擇的范圍。

　　何為“可無(wú)”?

　　這個(gè)便是經(jīng)常被大家忽略的 地方。既然這句話(huà)，可以省略，那么這個(gè)插入句究竟要符合什么特點(diǎn)呢?還是以上題為例，我們發(fā)現(xiàn) “liberatedindustry from dependence on running water”和 “The factories did not have to go tothe streams”句意發(fā)生了重合，那究竟應(yīng)該把插入句放在第二個(gè)還是第三個(gè)呢?這時(shí)就需要分情況討論了：

　　情況1：放在第二個(gè)，也就是說(shuō)我們認(rèn)為插入句是和下文有關(guān)系，既然要符合“可無(wú)”這個(gè)本質(zhì)，所以說(shuō)插入句必須是對(duì)下文概括或者引出。

　　情況2：放在第三個(gè)，也就是說(shuō)我們認(rèn)為插入句是和上文有關(guān)系，既然要符合“可無(wú)”這個(gè)本質(zhì)，所以說(shuō)插入句必須是對(duì)上文進(jìn)一步解釋。

　　綜合以上兩種情況，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，插入句要么總結(jié)引出下文，要么進(jìn)一步解釋上文。所以我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在插入題中，前一句的敘述范圍應(yīng)該總比后一句大。

　　根據(jù)上述內(nèi)容，也就引出了我們需要注意的一個(gè)非常重要的做題原則：

　　PART2：一個(gè)原則

　　在插入題中，句子的敘述順序遵循從大到小，從抽象到具體的原則。找到重復(fù)的句意后，按照大小順序安置插入句的位置。

　　在上題 中，“liberated industry from dependence on running water”的意思是解放了工廠對(duì)水流的依賴(lài)。“The factories did not have to go to thestreams”的意思是工廠不用去往河流的位置。顯然前者說(shuō)的更概括和抽象，后者更具體，所以按照從大到小的順序，應(yīng)該選擇第二個(gè)。

　　PART3：實(shí)踐練習(xí)

　　Trade between the West and the settled and prosperous Chinese dynastiesintroduced new forms and different technologies。 One of the most far-reachingexamples is the impact of the fine ninth-century AD。 Chinese porcelain waresimported into the Arab world。 So admired were these pieces that they encouragedthe development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigatedresearch into the method of their manufacture。 From the Middle East the Chineseacquired a blue pigment—a purified form of cobalt oxide unobtainable at thattime in China—that contained only a low level of manganese。 Cobalt ores found inChina have a high manganese content， which produces a more muted blue-graycolor。 In the seventeenth century， the trading activities of the Dutch EastIndia Company resulted in vast quantities of decorated Chinese porcelain beingbrought to Europe， which stimulated and influenced the work of a wide variety ofwares， notably Delft。 The Chinese themselves adapted many specific vessel formsfrom the West， such as bottles with long spouts， and designed a range ofdecorative patterns especially for the European market。

　　(TPO10-Chinese Pottery)

　　Look at the four squares []that indicate where the following sentencecould be added to the passage。

　　Foreign trade was also responsible for certain innovations in coloring。

　　Where could the sentence best fit?

　　在上題中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，插入句的“certain innovations in coloring”與原文中的“the Chinese acquired ablue pigment”句意進(jìn)行了重復(fù)，顯然，插入句說(shuō)的更概括，范圍更大，所以根據(jù)從大到小的原則，應(yīng)該選擇第二個(gè)。