如何區(qū)分托福閱讀推理題并準(zhǔn)確作答

　　推理題的標(biāo)志是在題干中出現(xiàn)infer/imply/suggest/indicate/most likely 這樣的詞匯，它和細(xì)節(jié)題屬于同源題目，都需要定位并且根據(jù)文中信息來(lái)選擇答案。與細(xì)節(jié)題不同的是，推理題在找到原文中定位點(diǎn)之后考察的是學(xué)生對(duì)于文中信息的總結(jié)概括，或者反向推理的能力。我們來(lái)看一道例題，

　　It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales , porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke3 and blowhole4 cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but, already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.

　　Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?

　　○ It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like

　　○ There were great numbers of them.

　　○ They lived in the sea only.

　　○ They did not leave many fossil remains.

　　首先我們來(lái)對(duì)題目的出題范圍進(jìn)行定位，題干的blowhole可以作為定位詞匯，定位到原文的第四句話：“However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.” 在這句話里交代了“unlike the casess of sea otters”，即與sea otters 不一樣的是，whales 的陳述是：it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. 即，不容易看出第一頭鯨長(zhǎng)什么樣子。而sea ottter 是和鯨魚(yú)相反，所以選擇A選項(xiàng)，即不難看出第一頭sea otter 長(zhǎng)什么樣子。所以實(shí)際上，這種題目雖然叫做推理題，但是并不需要同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲱}的時(shí)候推的過(guò)遠(yuǎn)，基本考察的還是對(duì)原文信息概括和總結(jié)的能力。