托福口語TASK3如何把握閱讀節(jié)奏有效閱讀？
托?？谡ZTASK3把握閱讀節(jié)奏技巧介紹
第三題屬于校園場景，閱讀材料按內(nèi)容可以劃分成兩種：學(xué)校通告(Announcement)和個人建議(Letter/Proposal)。兩者雖然在內(nèi)容上不同，但文章結(jié)構(gòu)是一致的。這是一個好現(xiàn)象，因為我們可以通過固定的文章結(jié)構(gòu)來快速判斷主旨句的位置。其實，學(xué)校的通告也好，個人的建議也罷，都符合西方人開門見山的表達習(xí)慣。換言之，無論是什么內(nèi)容的材料，主旨句通常出現(xiàn)在前兩句。這給我們提供了很大的便利，因為我們可以以此來提高我們的閱讀速度。我們先來看一則學(xué)校通告的例子：
RequiredWork Experience
Thebusiness studies department at State University will now require all studentsenrolled in its program to complete one semester of work experience in a localcorporation or small business. It is felt that students will benefit from thiswork experience by developing leadership and organizational skills that wouldnot normally be learned in a classroom or campus setting. furthermore, therelationship that students establish with the company that they work for mayhelp them to secure permanent employment with that company once they havecompleted the program and graduated.
我們拿到一段材料通常第一件事是看標題，因為那能幫助我們快速掌握材料的主旨，所以我們知道本題的主旨與work experience有關(guān)，接下來就剩細節(jié)了。通過剛才講過的方法，我們知道主旨句一定在前兩句，所以我們稍微放慢速度閱讀前兩句。通過題目一開始的旁白我們已經(jīng)知道這是一篇學(xué)校通告，所以為了提升速度，我們快速跳過一些“虛詞”，包括學(xué)校名稱、院系、以及表示“要求”、“建議”等意思的詞。因為這些詞在大部分的學(xué)校通告材料中出現(xiàn)且無實際意義，所以我們可以快速略過。那本題中，我們只需要仔細閱讀第一行require后面的內(nèi)容就可以了。這時我們的工作量就又減少了，速度也就提升了。通過閱讀我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，本題的主旨就在第一句，所以趕緊記下來關(guān)鍵詞(動詞、名詞優(yōu)先)，保證主旨句有分。
下面我們再來看一個個人建議的例子：
UniversityShould Pave Running Trails
Theuniversity has about three miles of unpaved dirt running trails that passthrough the forest near campus. I think these trails should be paved withcement. One reason for paving the trails would be to increase their safety.When it rains, the dirt turns to mud and becomes very slippery, so the runnerswho use them can slip and fall. Pavement would solve this problem. Also, pavingwould make the trails look nicer, which would encourage students to use them.Bumps in the trial would be smoothed out and weeds would be paved over, makingthe trail more attractive to runners.
Sincerely Sally Jacobs
個人建議的閱讀材料更容易判斷主旨句，我們只需要快速找到第一人稱I或We出現(xiàn)的一句就OK了。根據(jù)技巧，我們找到本題的主旨就是I think these trails should be paved with cement。但是為了答案更具體更完整，我們應(yīng)該把句中的these指代的內(nèi)容找出來，根據(jù)指代原則，我們從第一句找到了unpaved dirt running trails。所以，本題的主旨就是Thestudent suggests that the unpaved dirt running trails should be paved with cement。這樣就可以快速搞定主旨句了。
然而，光找主旨是不夠的，我們還需要找出除了主旨之外的重點。這個重點通常包括學(xué)校做法或個人建議的原因、目的、功能、作用等，而且大部分情況下都是兩點。我們怎么能快速準確地定位到這兩點呢?很簡單，通過表示列舉和增補關(guān)系的連接詞，或起到連接性作用的短語等，包括：First, one reason, on one hand, in addition,additionally, also, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, anotherreason/purpose/benefit等。我們應(yīng)該首先快速定位這些詞，這樣能幫我們立即找到兩點原因。就拿剛才的例子來說，我們能迅速地發(fā)現(xiàn)One reason for paving the trails would be toincrease their safety和Also, paving would make the trails look nicer,which would encourage students to use them。做到這，我們的任務(wù)基本就完成了。接下來我們稍微放慢速度閱讀這兩句，記下關(guān)鍵詞。如果還剩其他的句子，都只是起輔助作用的內(nèi)容，快速閱讀即可。如果還剩時間，我們應(yīng)該把所找的重點再反復(fù)閱讀，加深理解。
當然，閱讀材料并不是絕對的固定結(jié)構(gòu)。有時我們在文中發(fā)現(xiàn)不了上述提到的連接詞的時候，只能逐句閱讀，抓緊記下一點原因之后，快速閱讀剩余句子，先判斷一下是否與已記下的內(nèi)容雷同，如果沒有不同的點可以記，我們只能判斷本題只有一個原因了。比如下列一段材料：
HousingRenovations Planned
Overthe last ten years, the number of Central College students living on campus indormitories has decreased by twenty percent. In an effort to counteract thetrend, the college has announced a plan to renovate its on-campus housing. Therenovations will take two years, and they will include improvements to thebathrooms, lighting, and heating in the dormitories. “A lot of people aremoving off campus because the dorms aren’t in great shape,” explained thecollege president. “By renovating the dorms, we can make them more appealingthan off-campus housing, and more students will choose to remain on campus.”
我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，本段沒有上述鏈接詞，也沒有明顯的分層，通過閱讀我們發(fā)現(xiàn)文章一再地提到學(xué)生搬出校園以及翻修宿舍的目的是為了吸引學(xué)生住校。所以我們能肯定本題的原因就是“吸引學(xué)生住校”。所以，通過有快有慢、有重點有技巧的閱讀，我們就絕不會落下得分點。
以上就是托?？谡Z中綜合口語TASK3的把握閱讀節(jié)奏技巧實例分析，你學(xué)會了嗎?
