托?？谡Z第二題環(huán)境類話題：城市交通擁堵如何應對

　　Firstly, there is a need to expand, to build more roads and bridges to accommodate the growing number of people and cars. There are now fifty times as many cars on the roads as there were in the 1970s. Broadening existing roads into multi-lane overpasses in both the city center and suburbs could help to relieve traffic-related stress in city centers.

　　In addition, we should redesign the transportation system. Rapid urbanization demands that we rethink and be innovative. Imagine a system in which real-time information is gathered to move buses, cars and trains with maximum efficiency. Smart tickets count commuters on the subway. Sensors embedded in roads enable live feeds of traffic conditions. This sophisticated monitoring system helps to keep road traffic flowing above ground.

　　這是一個具有全球性影響的問題。下面是一些我們可以解決這個問題的方法。

　　首先，需要擴大，修建更多的道路和橋梁，以適應越來越多的人和汽車。與上世紀70年代相比現(xiàn)多出了五十倍多的汽車在道路上。在城市中心和郊區(qū)把現(xiàn)有道路拓寬為多車道的立交橋可能有助于緩解城市中心的交通壓力。

　　此外，我們還要重新設計交通運輸系統(tǒng)?？焖俚某鞘谢笪覀冎匦滤伎己蛣?chuàng)新。設想一個系統(tǒng)，它可以實時收集信息，以最大限度地提高公共汽車、汽車和火車的運行效率。智能票在地鐵上計算通勤人數(shù)。道路上的嵌入式傳感器可以對交通狀況進行實況轉(zhuǎn)播。這種先進的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)有助于保持道路交通暢通。

　　筆記

　　1. Outline

　　怎樣解決交通擁堵 R1: build more roads and bridges 建設更多道路 R2: redesign the transportation system to include technology 重新設計交通系統(tǒng)

　　2. Vocabulary

　　ramification 衍生后果 派生影響 overpass 天橋 commuters 通勤者 embed 嵌入 sophisticated 復雜的 精致的