托福聽(tīng)力細(xì)節(jié)題：解題技巧+案例分析

　　托福聽(tīng)力細(xì)節(jié)題怎么做?首先我們要熟悉細(xì)節(jié)題的提問(wèn)方式是怎樣的，然后我們要了解細(xì)節(jié)題有什么樣的解題技巧。接下來(lái)，我們一起來(lái)托福聽(tīng)力細(xì)節(jié)題的解題技巧及實(shí)例解析。

　　一. 托福聽(tīng)力細(xì)節(jié)題通常是怎么提問(wèn)的?

　　托福聽(tīng)力細(xì)節(jié)題的提問(wèn)方式通常有三種，分別是：

　　What point does the professor make when he mentions XXX?

　　According to the professor, what have the researchers agreed on?

　　What does the professor say about XXX?

　　二.托福聽(tīng)力細(xì)節(jié)題有哪些解題技巧?(實(shí)例解析)

　　細(xì)節(jié)題的出題點(diǎn)比較固定，只要你能聽(tīng)出提示詞，抓住相關(guān)的大部分內(nèi)容，那么細(xì)節(jié)題還是很容易得分的。細(xì)節(jié)題的出題點(diǎn)大概分為如下幾個(gè)方面：

　　1.對(duì)聽(tīng)力中的example提問(wèn)

　　對(duì)話或者講座中的舉例一般都是細(xì)節(jié)題喜歡考察的點(diǎn)。它的提示詞要么是for example, for instance, like, in this case這類的連接詞，要么是具體的事例的名詞。

　　實(shí)例解析：

　　What example does the professor give of a meme’s longevity?

　　l A story has been changing since it first appeared in the 1930s

　　l A person remembers a story for many years

　　l A gene is passed on through many generations without changing

　　l A song quickly becomes popular all over the world

　　這道題是TPO5的第二個(gè)講座的題目。教授的這段話是這樣的：

　　First, longevity. A replicator must exist long enough to be able to get copied, and transfer its information. Clearly, the longer a replicator survives, the better its chances of getting its message copied and passed on. So longevity is a key characteristic of a replicator. If you take the alligator story, it can exist for a long time in individual memory, let’s say, my memory. I can tell you the story now or ten years from now, the same with the twinkle, twinkle song. So these memes have longevity because they are memorable for one reason or another.

　　這段話的前半部分介紹的是理論，然后通過(guò)這個(gè)鱷魚(yú)的故事來(lái)解釋這個(gè)理論。所以這道題的答案也是顯而易見(jiàn)的B選項(xiàng)。

　　2.對(duì)聽(tīng)力材料中的提到的定義或者解釋類的內(nèi)容提問(wèn)

　　在聽(tīng)力中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些專有名詞，有些專有名詞一帶而過(guò)，有些專有名詞會(huì)在后面給出解釋，如果我們聽(tīng)到帶有解釋的專有名詞，就需要提起注意，因?yàn)樗赡苁且粋€(gè)考點(diǎn)。它的提示詞有：it refers to，that is，that means，This is to say，in other words，in another words等。

　　實(shí)例解析：

　　What started the runway effect that led to the Sahara area of north Africa becoming a desert

　　l the prevailing winds became stronger

　　l the seasonal rains moved to a different area

　　l the vegetation started to die off in large areas

　　l the soil lost its ability to retain rainwater

　　教授是這樣說(shuō)的：

　　What the Sahara experienced was um…a sort of“runaway drying effect”. As I said the monsoon migrated itself, so there was less rain in the Sahara. The land started to get drier, which in turn caused huge decrease in the amount of vegetation, because vegetation doesn’t grow as well in dry soil, right? And then, less vegetation means the soil can’t hold water as well, the soil loses its ability to retain water when it does rain. So then you have less moisture to help clouds form, nothing to evaporate for cloud formation. And then the cycle continues, less rain, drier soil, less vegetation, fewer clouds, less rain etc. etc..

　　教授說(shuō)完“runaway drying effect”之后，并沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)移話題，而是接著介紹了這個(gè)effect的過(guò)程到底是什么樣的。如果我們能聽(tīng)到“runaway drying effect”之后的解釋，那么這道題也可以迎刃而解。

　　3.針對(duì)聽(tīng)力材料中的原因進(jìn)行提問(wèn)

　　在聽(tīng)力中，因?yàn)榭紤]到學(xué)生的能力，所以句子跟句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系沒(méi)有閱讀中那么復(fù)雜。因果關(guān)系是其中最好表述的一種，所以在聽(tīng)力中也是很常見(jiàn)的。它也是考點(diǎn)之一。前因后果：therefore，consequently，as a consequence，result in，lead to。前果后因：result from，originate from，arise out of。

　　實(shí)例解析：

　　According to the professor, what led scientists to characterize the Nightcap Oak as primitive

　　l it has no evolutionary connection to other trees growing in Australia today

　　l it has an inefficient reproductive system

　　l its flower are located at the bases of the leaves

　　l it is similar to some ancient fossils

　　教授說(shuō)：

　　Now another interesting thing about the Nightcap Oak is that it represents a very old type kind of tree that grew a hundred million years ago. Um, we found fossils that old that bear remarkable resemblance to the tree. So, it’s a primitive tree. A living fossil you might say.

　　我們可以看出，fossils that old that bear remarkable resemblance to the treeà it’s a primitive tree。本題給出結(jié)果，對(duì)原因題型提問(wèn)。所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

　　4.針對(duì)聽(tīng)力材料中的結(jié)尾細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)

　　通常我們?cè)趯?duì)話或者講座的結(jié)尾都會(huì)走神，因?yàn)槁?tīng)力持續(xù)的時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)，導(dǎo)致我們?cè)诼?tīng)力快要結(jié)束的時(shí)候，松一口氣的同時(shí)，注意力也不能集中在聽(tīng)力上了。但是往往結(jié)尾也是考點(diǎn)之一。

　　實(shí)例解析：

　　What is one way the professor mention that can help with art restoration?

　　l By re-creating the pigments and binding agents used by artists of earlier eras

　　l By removing pigments and binding agents that dissolve paintings over time

　　l By creating protective coatings of paint that do not damage original paintings

　　l By developing ways to safely remove paint added by previous restorers

　　教授的最后一句話就是答案：

　　Then if we want to undo some bad restoration attempts, we can determine what kind of process we can use to remove them to dissolve the paint and uncover the original.

　　正確選項(xiàng)是D。在對(duì)話中，結(jié)尾的位置經(jīng)常是教授提出建議的位置，或者是教授提出要求的位置。這樣就更需要注意他們的內(nèi)容，因?yàn)楹艽罂赡軙?huì)出考題。所以在平時(shí)做題的時(shí)候，我們要努力克制，一定要聽(tīng)到最后。

　　5.針對(duì)數(shù)字，地點(diǎn)，人物進(jìn)行提問(wèn)

　　在聽(tīng)力中會(huì)有一些數(shù)字，地點(diǎn)，人物之類的內(nèi)容。這些數(shù)字，地點(diǎn)，人物本身不重要，重要的是他們之后跟著的內(nèi)容。所以在聽(tīng)到這些內(nèi)容的時(shí)候，一定要了解他們之后的內(nèi)容的含義。

　　實(shí)例解析：

　　According to the professor, what were two ways that the situation of women artists had changed by then end of the nineteenth century in Paris? (Click on 2 answers.)

　　l Women and men took art classes together

　　l Women artists played a greater role in the Salon exhibitions

　　l More schools were established by women artists

　　l Fewer women artists were traveling to Paris

　　教授說(shuō)：

　　Before the late 19 century, if the women who want to become an artist have to take private lessons or learn from family members. They have more limited options than men did. But around 1870s, some artists in Paris began to offer classes for female students. These classes were for women only. And by the end of the 19 century, it became much more common for woman and man to study together in the same classes.

　　By the last two decades of 19 century, one fifth of the paintings in the salon were by woman, much higher than in the past.

　　答案就很顯而易見(jiàn)，是AB選項(xiàng)。

　　6.針對(duì)對(duì)比，類比或者相似的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問(wèn)

　　在講座中尤其喜歡拿兩樣事物對(duì)比或者類比著說(shuō)，如果出現(xiàn)這種情況，就需要注意兩個(gè)事物的各自的特征或者相同的特征，因?yàn)檫@里很可能是考點(diǎn)。

　　實(shí)例解析：

　　What does the professor compare to a housefly laying many eggs?

　　l A child learning many different ideas from her parents

　　l Alligators reproducing in New York sewers

　　l Different people remembering different versions of a story

　　l A person singing the“Twinkle, twinkle”song many times

　　教授說(shuō)：

　　Next, fecundity. Fecundity is the ability to reproduce in large numbers. For example, the common housefly reproduces by laying several thousand eggs, so each fly gene gets copied thousands of times. Memes, well, they can be reproduced in large numbers as well. How many times have you sung the‘twinkle, twinkle song’to someone? Each time you replicated the song, and maybe passed it along to someone who did not know it yet, a small child maybe.

　　教授用housefly的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明基因的傳遞，然后作類比，說(shuō)明通過(guò)給別人唱“小星星”這首歌，文化基因是如何傳遞的。所以D選項(xiàng)就是我們的正確答案。

　　三.托福聽(tīng)力細(xì)節(jié)題的選項(xiàng)有哪些特征?

　　細(xì)節(jié)題一定是原文出現(xiàn)過(guò)的內(nèi)容，他們可能是同義改寫(xiě)，也可能是用原文中的詞匯概述答案。所以對(duì)于原文中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)過(guò)的內(nèi)容，一定是錯(cuò)的。這就是細(xì)節(jié)題跟推斷題之間的區(qū)別。

　　托福聽(tīng)力細(xì)節(jié)題的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)有如下幾種：

　　1.原文提到過(guò)的內(nèi)容，但是不在對(duì)應(yīng)的位置。它可能是上一個(gè)話題的內(nèi)容，也可能是下一個(gè)話題的內(nèi)容。這樣的選項(xiàng)比較具有迷惑性，容易錯(cuò)選。如果在做筆記的過(guò)程中能夠分段落進(jìn)行記載，那么就可以避免這種現(xiàn)象。

　　2.部分原文中的內(nèi)容+部分原文中沒(méi)有提到的內(nèi)容。這樣的選項(xiàng)我們會(huì)自動(dòng)忽略沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)過(guò)的內(nèi)容，所以在讀題的時(shí)候一定要仔細(xì)。不斷的問(wèn)自己這個(gè)信息點(diǎn)到底是否在聽(tīng)力中出現(xiàn)過(guò)。

　　3.完全沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)過(guò)的內(nèi)容。這種選項(xiàng)一般我們可以直接省略。

　　4.與原文不符的內(nèi)容。有些選項(xiàng)會(huì)跟原文不符，但是因?yàn)樗麄兏牡膬?nèi)容太像，太接近，我們又忽略了他們否定的內(nèi)容，所以在做題過(guò)程中也需要注意。

　　以上就是小編為大家整理的關(guān)于托福聽(tīng)力細(xì)節(jié)題的解題技巧，希望對(duì)大家備考有幫助。托福聽(tīng)力細(xì)節(jié)題是托福聽(tīng)力中常考的題目，雖然考察內(nèi)容比較細(xì)，但是只要我們把握出題點(diǎn)，記筆記的時(shí)候重點(diǎn)記錄，就一定能能夠拿下這類題目。