原因1 :生詞多
原因2 :提到的理論或假說非常復(fù)雜
原因3 :文章結(jié)構(gòu)不清楚
解決方法:
1.背單詞不要圍繞著專有名詞背,多背天文學(xué)文章中的動詞 e.g. orbit / revolve
2.假說內(nèi)容復(fù)雜,就主要聽結(jié)果 或 可信度 e.g. contradiction 有反駁的意思,不可信
3.文章結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在我們可以了解一下 TPO 30 L3 Astronomy class - Jarosite
通過以上描述,有的考生還是認為不容易理解,下面Kobe老師為大家列舉了具體的實例,希望幫助各位考生在這方面理解的更加透徹。
開頭:
火星上存在生命的證據(jù):Jarosite
文章主體(火星上存在生命的證據(jù)):
1.What is it?
Jarosite黃鉀鐵礬為何物
2.How it forms?
在地球上形成的條件:
a Acidic water 高酸性水→生命
b 微生物參與
3.How to analyse a certain minerals ?
3、MOA-檢測火星黃鉀鐵礬是否有微生物的設(shè)備(尋找氨基酸)
氨基酸:地球上的20多種都是左旋的(手性)
4.Analyzer advantages
MOA的優(yōu)勢:
a、能夠收集土壤樣本,并且在火星上立刻進行分析,消除污染的風(fēng)險
b、不僅能檢測出氨基酸的存在還可以檢測出氨基酸的旋的方式
5.Conclusion / Future Development ?
結(jié)論:
如果找到氨基酸及旋的方向,像在地球上的氨基酸一樣向左,或是向右都是很有趣的。
左旋→與地球一樣
右旋→火星生命與地球完全不一樣
題目:
1.What is the lecture mainly about?
A. Evidence proving that water was once on Mars
B. Scientific analyses currently being done on mineral samples from Mars
C. Recent developments that could help determine whether life ever existed on Mars
D. An approach to determining whether amino acids on Earth originated on Mars
正確答案,C。內(nèi)容主旨題。開頭介紹有很多關(guān)于火星有生命的討論,主要因為一些重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)和發(fā)明。下文以黃鉀鐵礬為例具體討論。所以主要內(nèi)容為C。
7.What was discovered on Mars that suggests water once existed there?
A. Microorganisms that can form only in the presence of water.
B. A mineral that can form only in the presence of water.
C. Proteins that have the same structure as proteins found on Earth.
D. Large deposits of iron and potassium that can form only in the presence of water.
正確答案,B。細節(jié)題。文中聽到:一個主要的發(fā)現(xiàn)是水出現(xiàn)在火星上因為發(fā)現(xiàn)黃鉀鐵礬。這種礦物在地球上形成時需要高酸度的水。因此推測出火星上有水。
8.How might jarosite found on Mars differ from jarosite found on Earth?
A. Mars jarosite and Earth jarosite might have been created by different processes.
B. Mars jarosite might have been formed without water.
C. Mars jarosite might not contain as much iron or potassium as Earth jarosite.
D. Mars jarosite might be more acidic than Earth jarosite.
正確答案,A。細節(jié)題。文中提到:地球上黃鉀鐵礬的形成需要微生物,理論上講,沒有生命體的幫助也可以形成黃鉀鐵礬,所以地球和火星黃鉀鐵礬的不同之處可能是兩者產(chǎn)生的過程不同。
9.According to the professor,what are two important capabilities of the microfabricated organic analyzer?Click on 2 answers
A. It can accurately test for the presence of water.
B. It can analyze soil samples without returning them to Earth.
C. It can return soil samples back to Earth quickly.
D. It can determine the handedness of amino acids.
正確答案,B D。細節(jié)題。教授說,有機分析儀能在火星上分析樣本,不用帶回地球,并且有機分析儀可以測試出氨基酸旋的方向。
10.What point does the professor make about the twenty amino acids that occur on proteins on Earth?
A. They can be either right-handed or left-handed.
B. They were synthesized through abiotic processes.
C. They all have a crystalline structure.
D. They are all left-handed.
正確答案,D。態(tài)度題。教授提到地球上的氨基酸的旋都是左旋。因此選D
11.What would a prevalence of right-handed amino acids in mineral samples collected on Mars indicate?
A. That amino acids on Mars probably originated on Earth
B. That amino acids existed on Mars long before they existed on Earth
C. That a type of microorganism may have existed on Mars that is different from any on Earth
D. That left-handed amino acids are probably present in some minerals on Mars
正確答案,C。推斷推理題。因為地球上的生物都是左旋,所以地球上的大部分氨基酸是左旋,那么如果火星上的氨基酸是右旋,火星上的生命也是右旋,這樣火星上的生命可能與地球的完全不同。
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