托福聽力常考題型重點(diǎn)分析

下列題型：

1)　BUT題型。這類題型在托福題中層出不窮，基本每一套托福題中都會(huì)有三、四、五道不等，這類題型解題關(guān)鍵是努力聽懂but 后面的東西，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)地方永遠(yuǎn)是考點(diǎn)。對(duì)一般考生而言，讓他將所有的東西都聽出來(lái)不大可能，因?yàn)閷?shí)力不夠。但若是讓他聽出其中的一點(diǎn)，那就沒什么問題。而but 恰恰就是這樣一個(gè)標(biāo)志，聽見but就該使勁了，一使勁問題也就解決了。試看幾例：

a) Does this music bother your studying, Pam?

Actually I’m not studying any more, but I’m trying to sleep. (2000 年1月第23題)

b) Gee, Tom, I hear that you are working as a house painter this summer. It’s got to be awfully hot working up there on a ladder in the blazing sun all day.

Well, it’s hard work, but I get to be outdoors and the pay is decent. (2000 年1月第9題)

c) I don’t think I want to live in the dormitory next year. I need more privacy.

I know what you mean. But check out the cost of renting an apartment first, I wouldn’t be surprised if you changed your mind. (2000 年1月第30題)

2)　對(duì)一般疑問句回答題型。該類題型在托福聽力中不斷涌現(xiàn)。一般疑問句在英文中又被叫作Yes or No question，這是因?yàn)閷?duì)這類問題的回答只有兩種可能性，要么是yes, 要么是no, 此外別無(wú)選擇。在實(shí)際做題時(shí)，此類題型的解題方法和技巧非常簡(jiǎn)單，那就是如果你聽不懂第二個(gè)人說(shuō)的話，你就按照否定第一人的問題去回答，于是你就會(huì)得到正確的答案。我常舉這樣一例：

A: I need to see a dermatologist. You are familiar with Dr. Smith. Do you recommend her?

B: I have been seen by her a few times, and the best I can say for her is she has some interesting magazines in her waiting room.

此句是九五年八月改題之后的一套題的第三十題，事實(shí)證明這一點(diǎn)的確很難，要想解決該題，很多同學(xué)的實(shí)力都達(dá)不到。但如果你能運(yùn)用該題型的技巧，也就是：在對(duì)一般疑問句進(jìn)行回答時(shí)，第二人說(shuō)的話聽不懂，只要否定掉就可以的話，你仍然可以得到正確的答案。這種感覺真是讓人喜出望外?？纯催@道題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，找一找這樣的感覺吧!

講了半天，可能同學(xué)還是沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到這個(gè)題型的重要性。事實(shí)上，這種題型還可以進(jìn)一步推廣，即當(dāng)?shù)谝蝗顺苏f(shuō)一個(gè)一般疑問句之外，還可以說(shuō)出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，一個(gè)建議，如果第二人說(shuō)的話，你還是覺得不識(shí)廬山真面目時(shí)，不妨也采用這樣的做題方法。

此類題型的例句舉不勝舉，再看幾例，體會(huì)體會(huì)：

a) Did you meet the new teacher yesterday?

I’ve been sick for 3 days.

b) Have you read this month’s issue of Inquiry?

What journal is that?

c) Did you ask Shirley to go to the dance with you?

She is away at a conference until tomorrow.

d) Were you able to get your own locker at the Gym?

They’re temporarily out of them. I’ve to check again next week.

e) Do you think Janet will spend a week in the country with us?

Only if she can tear herself away from her books.

f) Should I buy this exercise record for Linda for her birthday?

She already has the cassette.

g) Will you come to my poetry reading next week?

I’ll be out of town then.

h) Have you heard who won the election?

I missed the news and haven’t had time to read the paper.

3) 語(yǔ)氣題型。語(yǔ)氣題型的重要性不需要我來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)，對(duì)托福有一定了解和認(rèn)識(shí)的同學(xué)，自己一定有深刻的體會(huì)。一套托福題中，通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)純粹的語(yǔ)氣題。所謂純粹的語(yǔ)氣題，就是如若語(yǔ)氣不能很好把握的話，一般來(lái)講，做對(duì)這道題是有困難的。例如：

I’ve heard just one person got an A on the test. You!

All right!

此處，all right的語(yǔ)氣如聽不出來(lái)，會(huì)影響你的做題?？忌梢詫?duì)照磁帶，仔細(xì)體會(huì)。再如：

I must admit that since I started the exercises I’ve been feeling less tired.

What did I tell you?

第二人特得意的語(yǔ)氣絕對(duì)不可以聽不出來(lái)。

此外重讀的變化，也會(huì)影響整個(gè)句子的意思，試舉兩例說(shuō)明：

He hasn’t seen his parents four years!

He hasn’t seen his parents for years!

黑體部分是重讀的詞，第一句的意思是“他已經(jīng)四年沒有看到他父母了”。而第二句是“他已經(jīng)多年沒有看到他父母了。”重讀不一樣，意思自然不一樣。

托福聽力里聽到的東西永遠(yuǎn)是說(shuō)出來(lái)的東西，事實(shí)上每一句話都是帶有語(yǔ)氣的。只不過有些語(yǔ)氣不是很明顯，你不容易察覺罷了。而一套托福聽力題里總會(huì)有很多這樣的題，它們本身有自己的考點(diǎn)，但如果同學(xué)能夠很好地體會(huì)、掌握它們的語(yǔ)氣的話，一定會(huì)在做題過程中收益匪淺。