2017英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)八漢譯英練習(xí)：政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革

　　作為中國(guó)政治體制改革重要組成部分的政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革已正式拉開(kāi)帷幕。政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革是深化經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的迫切需要，是國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)制度改革的重要內(nèi)容，也是密切政府同人民群眾聯(lián)系的客觀要求。

　　China‘s government restructuring campaign, an important part of political reform in China, has been formally staged. Restructuring government institutions is urgently needed to deepen the economic restructuring and promote economic and social development in China. It constitutes an important aspect of the reform of the state leadership system and a necessity in bringing the government closer to the people. 現(xiàn)有政府機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置的基本框架，實(shí)在計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的條件下逐步形成的。雖然自改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)進(jìn)行過(guò)多次調(diào)整和改革，取得一些進(jìn)展，但由于歷史條件限制和宏觀環(huán)境制約，很多問(wèn)題未能得到根本性的解決，機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置同社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的矛盾日益突出。這些問(wèn)題突出表現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：

　　The basic framework of current government institutions was formed gradually during the time when the country‘s economy was predominantly a planned one. Although China has adjusted and reformed government institutions on many occasions and made some progress in government restructuring since its implementation of reform and opening policies, many problems have not been fundamentally solved due to the restrictions imposed by historical conditions and general

　　environment. Consequently, the incompatibilities of government institutions with the development of a socialist market economy have become increasingly apparent. The following problems are most conspicuous in this regard:

　　第一， 政府機(jī)構(gòu)重疊龐大，人浮于事的現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重，這不僅滋生官僚主義和文牘主義，主張貪污腐敗和不正之風(fēng)，也給國(guó)家財(cái)政造成了沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)。

　　First, a bloated size and unwieldy organization of government institutions with overlapping functions and serious overstaffing have given rise to bureaucracy and red tape, bred corruption, promoted unhealthy practices, and created a heavy financial burden on the state.

　　第二， 政企不分，政府直接干預(yù)企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)，不能形成科學(xué)決策的投資體制，容易造成責(zé)任不清和決策失誤，難以發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)在資源配置中的基礎(chǔ)作用。

　　Second, the functions of the government fail to be separated from those of enterprises. The government often has a direct hand in the operation of enterprises, which makes it difficult to establish an investment system based on scientific decision making, but easy to lead to non-accountability an wrong decision making. Consequently, the market can hardly play a fundamental role in the allocation of resources.

　　第三， 政府主要依靠行政手段來(lái)管理經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)事務(wù)，許多本來(lái)應(yīng)該運(yùn)用法律手段，或者通過(guò)社會(huì)中介組織來(lái)處理的事務(wù)，卻通過(guò)設(shè)立政府機(jī)構(gòu)加以管理，使政府負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重。

　　Third, the government manages economic and social affairs mainly through administrative means. Many of the matters that should have otherwise been dealt with by legislation or through social intermediate organizations are managed by extra government departments, thus creating extra responsibilities for the government.

　　這次機(jī)構(gòu)改革的目標(biāo)是按照發(fā)展社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的要求，根據(jù)精簡(jiǎn)、統(tǒng)一、效能的原則，轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，建立辦事高效、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)協(xié)調(diào)、行為規(guī)范的行政管理體系，完善公務(wù)員制度，建立高素質(zhì)和專(zhuān)業(yè)化行政管理干部隊(duì)伍。改革的重點(diǎn)是調(diào)整和撤銷(xiāo)那些直接管理經(jīng)濟(jì)的專(zhuān)業(yè)部門(mén)，加強(qiáng)宏觀調(diào)控和執(zhí)法監(jiān)管部門(mén)。我們要按照權(quán)責(zé)一致的要求，調(diào)整部門(mén)的權(quán)責(zé)權(quán)限，明確劃分部門(mén)之間的職責(zé)分工，完善行政運(yùn)行機(jī)制。

　　We will carry out this reform in accordance with the requirements for developing a socialist market economy and by following the principle of simplification, uniformity and efficiency. We will shift the functions of the government and separate them from those of enterprises so as to establish a highly efficient, well-coordinated and standardized administrative system. We will improve the system of public servants, building a contingent of administrators who are highly competent and professionally specialized. The reform will focus on recognizing or canceling departments directly in charge of economic management, and on reinforcing macro-control departments as well as those that enforce the law and supervise law enforcement. In accordance with the requirements of integrating power with responsibility, we should readjust and reduce the responsibilities of various departments of the government and improve its administrative operating mechanism.

　　所有政府機(jī)關(guān)及其工作人員都必須認(rèn)真執(zhí)行國(guó)家的法律、法規(guī)和政策。各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部都要依法行政，忠實(shí)履行自己的職責(zé)，勤政廉政，提高辦事效率。

　　All government institutions and functionaries must implement state laws, decrees and policies. Leading cadres at all levels should faithfully perform their official duties according to law as industries, honest and efficient administrators.