專(zhuān)四閱讀難點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵句200中英對(duì)照(8)

　　141. Though most dictionary have a system of making words as obsolete, or in use only as slang, many people, more especially if their use of a particular word has been challenged, are likely to conclude, if they find it in a dictionary, that it is accepted as being used by writers of established reputation.

　　142. People can be relatively rich only if others are relatively poor, and since power is concentrated in the hands of the rich, public policies will continue to reflect their interests rather than those of the poor.

　　143. Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways.

　　144. In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, Notions of male superiority are hard to maintain.

　　145. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by co-operation rather than by the “battle of the sexes.”

　　146. The family is a co-operative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family, needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.

　　147. Besides serving the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers.

　　148. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.

　　149. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward.

　　150. Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs, yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed.

　　151. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage –--a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed (畸形) children or even grandchildren.

　　152. In the end , only 7 out of 19 regular Cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all for trails. The diet-Cola drinkers did a little worse – only 7 of 27 identified all four sample correctly.

　　153. Taste is such a subjective matter that we don’t usually conduct preference tests for food.

　　154. It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental.

　　155. But in actual practice this system breaks down in many ways, because the organism and the environment are constantly interacting so that the environment is modified by the orgainism and vice versa (反之亦然).

　　156. In the case of man, the difficulties with the environment concept are even more complicated because we have to deal with man as an animal and with man as a bearer(持有者) of culture.

　　157. If we look at man as an animal and try to analyze the environmental forces that are acting on the organism, we find that we have to deal with things like climate, soil, plants, and such like factors common to all biological situations; but we also find, always, very important environmental influences that we can only class as “cultural”, which modify the physical and biological factors.

　　158. We thus easily get into great difficulties from the necessity of viewing culture, at one moment, as a part of the man and, at another moment, as a part of the environment.

　　159. Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect.

　　160 Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generation phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today’s young people, it natrually follows that today’s English teachers cannot be doing their jobs.

　　第八部分(141-160句譯文)

　　141、盡管許多字典將有些詞匯定義為“過(guò)時(shí)”或者說(shuō)“只作口語(yǔ)用”，但許多人對(duì)某些詞匯的用法不解時(shí)，當(dāng)他們查完字典，卻往往發(fā)現(xiàn)許多知名作家也在作品中正式使用。

　　142、人們只能是相對(duì)富裕，而另一些人就相對(duì)貧窮了。既然權(quán)力是集中在富人的手中，公共政策就將繼續(xù)反應(yīng)他們的利益而不是窮人的利益了。

　　143、社會(huì)變化在有多種人群匯集的社會(huì)里比僅有相似人群的社會(huì)里更容易發(fā)生。

　　144、如果一個(gè)家庭里面男女的角色不是明顯地分開(kāi)，家務(wù)事由雙方分擔(dān)的話(huà)，大男子主義就很難維持了。

　　145、在這樣的家庭中長(zhǎng)大的孩子們比他們的父母更容易參與到以合作為特征的社會(huì)中去，而不靠什么“性別之爭(zhēng)”。

　　146、家庭就像是一個(gè)合作式的企業(yè)一樣，很難制定統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)家庭都需要自己的獨(dú)特的解決問(wèn)題的辦法。

　　147、除了以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人大量地使用英語(yǔ)外，很多重要的科學(xué)、技術(shù)文獻(xiàn)也是由英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)成，而且作者不僅僅是以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人。

　　148、比起那些頭腦不活躍的人來(lái)說(shuō)，年輕時(shí)喜歡盡量從事更多工作的人年老后更有認(rèn)識(shí)力。

　　149、完美主義者傾向于為了一點(diǎn)小事花費(fèi)比事情本身更大的代價(jià)去完成。

　　150、人類(lèi)自然地對(duì)于那些有明顯特征的疾病有深刻的印象，然而他們最可怕的敵人往往在未被人注意時(shí)慢慢接近他們。

　　151、問(wèn)題是很難明確輻射的傷害—一個(gè)人可能感覺(jué)良好，但他(她)的性器官細(xì)胞可能受到損傷，而且有些直到生下畸形兒甚至是畸形孫兒才會(huì)被發(fā)現(xiàn)。

　　152、最后，只有7/19的傳統(tǒng)可樂(lè)愛(ài)好者正確地辨別出了他們的品牌，而低糖可樂(lè)愛(ài)好者水平更差—只有7/27的人辯出了四種混合的品牌。

　　153、口味是個(gè)非常主觀的問(wèn)題，所以對(duì)于食物我們一般不進(jìn)行偏好測(cè)試。

　　154、區(qū)分周?chē)沫h(huán)境或者有機(jī)物體，以及分辨作用于有機(jī)物的影響力是生物內(nèi)部的還是來(lái)自于外部環(huán)境的，看起來(lái)非常簡(jiǎn)單。

　　155、但是在實(shí)際中這套系統(tǒng)在很多方面失敗了，因?yàn)橛袡C(jī)物和環(huán)境在不斷相互作用，所以環(huán)境在不斷被有機(jī)物修改，反過(guò)來(lái)也是一樣。

　　156、對(duì)于人類(lèi)來(lái)說(shuō)，環(huán)境概念的問(wèn)題更加復(fù)雜。因?yàn)槲覀儾坏貌话讶祟?lèi)當(dāng)為動(dòng)物，又不得不把人當(dāng)為文化的持有者來(lái)對(duì)待。

　　157、如果我們將人類(lèi)看作動(dòng)物來(lái)嘗試解釋作用在有機(jī)物上的環(huán)境影響力的話(huà)，我們不得不處理像氣候，土壤，植物和一些對(duì)于所有生物環(huán)境來(lái)說(shuō)共同的因素，但我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)，“文化”的影響也非常重大，它可以改變物理和生物因素。

　　158、所以我們很容易在對(duì)待文化的問(wèn)題上陷入困境，有時(shí)候，我們將其看作人類(lèi)的一部分，有時(shí)候，又作為環(huán)境的一部分。

　　159、因?yàn)椴涣私膺@些你那里他們的能力已經(jīng)進(jìn)步了，他們認(rèn)為在這個(gè)方面新一代的年輕人肯定沒(méi)有希望了。

　　160、既然這種關(guān)于英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的衰退的擔(dān)憂(yōu)并不被看作一個(gè)一代人的現(xiàn)象，而是特指對(duì)于今天的年輕人的一種新現(xiàn)象，所以可以很自然地認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的英語(yǔ)老師工作做得不好。