[高中]全新語法:省略 三、不定式的省略

三、不定式的省略

1.使役動(dòng)詞let，make，have 及感官動(dòng)詞后的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)要省略to

His appearance made me laugh.他的樣子使我發(fā)笑。

I saw the boy fall from the tree.我看見這個(gè)男孩從樹上掉下來。

let fly 發(fā)射　　　let go 放開　　　make believe 假裝　　　make do 湊合著用

2.并列不定式中第二個(gè)以及后面的動(dòng)詞不定式均省略to

I wrote this letter to persuade and （to）encourage Mary.

我寫這封信是為說服并鼓勵(lì)瑪麗。

I don’t know whether to stay or （to）leave.我不知道是留還是走。

3.句子中有動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí)，but （或except）后的不定式省略to

do nothing but do sth.只好做某事

have nothing to do but do sth.只能做某事

there’s nothing to do but 只好做某事

I could do nothing except agree.我除了同意，沒有別的辦法。

He never did anything but watch TV.除了看電視，他從不干任何事。

He has nothing to do but drink.他無事可干，只有飲酒。

There is nothing to do but wait for the results.除了等結(jié)果我們什么都做不了。

She can do everything except cook.除了做飯之外她什么都會(huì)。

There’s little we can do except wait.除了等待我們沒有什么辦法。

4.主語中有動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí)，作表語的不定式常省略to

What I really want to do is （to）go to the cinema.我想做的是去看場(chǎng)電影。

The only thing to do now is （to）go on.前進(jìn)是現(xiàn)在唯一的出路。

What you first do is （to）mix the egg with flour.你先得把雞蛋和面粉和好。

5.特殊句式中不定式的省略

cannot but do sth.只好做某事　　　　　　　　cannot choose but do sth.不得不做某事

can’t help but do sth.只好做某事　　　　　　had better do sth.最好做某事

Why （not）do sth.？ 為什么（不）做某事？　 would rather do sth.寧愿做某事

I couldn’t but choose to wait.我只能選擇等待。

He could not choose but leave her children at home.他只好把她的孩子們留在家里。

Why go with him？ 為什么要同他一起去？

Why not try to expand your story into a novel？ 你怎么不把你的故事擴(kuò)展成小說呢？

6.只保留不定式符號(hào)to的情況

（1）某些動(dòng)詞后接不定式作賓語時(shí)的省略形式只保留to。

afford care decide forget hope intend like love mean need prefer

refuse seem try want would like would love

You can do it this way if you like to.如果你愿意，你可以這么做。

I shall go if I want to.如果我想去就去。

I have asked her to come，but she does not care to.我讓她來，但她不想來。

You may go if you wish to.如果你想走就可以走。

— Are you and Mary getting married？ 你和瑪麗快結(jié)婚了嗎？

— We hope to.我們希望如此。

（2）某些動(dòng)詞后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)的省略形式只保留to。

advise allow ask expect forbid force order permit persuade tell warn wish

The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him not to.

這個(gè)男孩想在街上騎自行車，他母親告訴他不要騎。

Don’t go till I tell you to.等我叫你走你再走。

She wants to come but her parents won’t allow her to.她想來，但父母不允許。

If he doesn’t want to go there，you can’t force him to.若他不想去，你不能強(qiáng)迫他去。

He didn’t come though we had invited him to.盡管我們邀請(qǐng)他來，但他沒有來。

（3）某些詞組后也可承前省略不定式只保留to。

ought to have to used to be able to be going to

Though you do not want to ask him again，I am afraid you will have to.

盡管你不想再去問他，但恐怕你不得不去。

— Should I start at once？ 我應(yīng)該立刻開始嗎？

— Yes，you ought to.是的，你應(yīng)該立刻開始。

（4）某些形容詞后的不定式的省略形式只保留to。

afraid ready happy willing glad pleased delighted

They shouted to him to jump into the bus，but he was afraid to.

他們叫喊著要他跳上公共汽車，但他不敢跳。

— Could you mind looking after my cat？ 你能幫我照看一下貓嗎？

— Not at all.I would be happy to.我很愿意。

【提示】

①如果不定式中含有be，have done時(shí)，要保留be，have。

He is not the man he used to be.他已不是原來的那個(gè)樣子了。

He hasn’t finished his job yet.Well，he ought to have.他沒有完成任務(wù)。但他應(yīng)該完成。

②如果不定式是完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，要保留have been。

— Did he tell you to attend the meeting？ 他告訴你參加會(huì)議了嗎？

— No，I ought to have been.沒有，我本應(yīng)該被告知。