[高中]全新語法:定語從句注意事項(xiàng) 一、關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別

一、關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別

1.只用that不用which的情況

（1）先行詞是all，much，little，few，something，anything，everything，none，nothing等不定代詞時(shí)

All that she lacked was training.她所缺少的是訓(xùn)練。

Is there anything （that）I can do for you？ 有什么事要我做嗎？

There is little （that）I can do to make up for lost time.我做什么都無法彌補(bǔ)時(shí)間的損失。

There is not much that ought to be done right now.現(xiàn)在沒有太多的事情要做。

（2）先行詞被any，the only，the very，the same等限定詞修飾時(shí)

Give me any book that you would recommend.給我你要推薦的書。

These are the very points that puzzle me.正是這幾點(diǎn)難住了我。

（3）先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)

This is the best film that I have ever seen.這是我看過的電影中最好的一部。

This is the first time that I’ve heard of him.這是我第一次聽到關(guān)于他的情況。

（4）先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)

They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.

他們談?wù)撍麄儏⒂^過的那些學(xué)校和老師們。

The man and the car that you want to see are all here.你想見的人和車都在這里。

（5）主句是以who或which 開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。

Who is the person that is standing at the gate？ 站在門口的那個(gè)人是誰？

Which of the books that refers to the importance of education？

哪本書提到了教育的重要性？

2.只用which不用that的情況

（1）引導(dǎo)非限制性定于從句時(shí)

Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses.水是一種清澈的液體，有許多用途。

Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world.

足球是很有趣的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目，全世界都在踢。

（2）介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)

I’m looking for a container in which I can put all these peaches.

我想找一個(gè)能放下這些桃子的容器。

Copper is one of the metals with which we are most familiar.

銅是我們最熟悉的金屬之一。

（3）先行詞本身就是that時(shí)

What’s that which was flying in the sky just now？ 剛才在天空中飛的是什么東西？

I don’t like that which he did.我不喜歡他做的那件事。

（4）先行詞是不明性別的baby，child時(shí)。

Have you noticed that child which has lost his way？ 你注意到那個(gè)迷路的孩子了嗎？

The baby which the nurse has just brought in is John’s child.

護(hù)士剛抱來的那個(gè)嬰兒是約翰的孩子。

3.只用who不用that的情況

（1）先行詞是指人的不定代詞如one，ones，anyone，everyone，none，all時(shí)

One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.

一個(gè)無所畏懼的人敢于說實(shí)話。

We don’t want anyone who can’t afford the tuition fee to drop out of school.

我們不想讓任何交不起學(xué)費(fèi)的人輟學(xué)。

（2）those who“那些……的人”句式中

Those who have good manners will be highly respected.

那些有禮貌的人會(huì)受到人們的高度尊重。（復(fù)數(shù)）

He who laughs last laughs best.誰笑到最后誰笑得最美。（單數(shù)）

（3）非限制性定語從句中的先行詞指人時(shí)

Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook.

我們的向?qū)?，一個(gè)法裔加拿大人，擅長(zhǎng)烹調(diào)。

Then he met Mary，who invited him to a party.

后來他遇到瑪麗，瑪麗邀請(qǐng)他去參加晚會(huì)。

4.as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別

（1）as引導(dǎo)的從句可置于句首、句中、句末，而which 只能置于句末。

As you will find out，all is now settled.你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，一切都已搞定了。

David，as you know，is a photographer.戴維是個(gè)攝影師，你是知道的。

Li Ming is late，as is often the case.李明遲到了，這事經(jīng)常發(fā)生。（不可用which）

（2）as 具有“正如、像；由……而知；與……一致”等意義。

Shakespeare is a famous writer，as we all know.莎士比亞是著名作家，這眾人皆知。

She is very patient，as is shown in her work.

她很有耐心，正如她工作中所表現(xiàn)出來的一樣。

（3）which引導(dǎo)的定語從句往往表示由于主句的原因所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。

Crusoe’s dog died，which made him very sad.克魯索的狗死了，這使得他很難過。

Bamboo is hollow，which makes it very light.竹子是中空的，因此它很輕。

（4）as 多用于固定搭配中

as can be seen 看得出來　　　　　　　　as is announced 據(jù)宣布

as is expected 正如所料想的那樣　　　　as has been explained 正如所解釋的那樣

as has been said before 如前所述　　　 as is natural 很自然地

as often happens 這情況常發(fā)生　　　　　as is reported 據(jù)報(bào)道

as is shown 如……所示　　　　　　　　　 as is well-known 眾所周知

as you know 如你所知　　　　　　　　　 as you see 如你所見