[高中]全新語法:非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語的區(qū)別

七、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語的區(qū)別

1.不定式可作原因、目的和結(jié)果狀語。

The whole nation was in deep sorrow to learn of Lincoln’s death.

聽到林肯死亡的消息，全國(guó)陷入悲痛之中。（原因狀語）

He went to buy an English novel in the bookstore.

他去書店想買一本英語小說。（目的狀語）

He woke up to find that he was lying in the hospital.

他醒來后發(fā)現(xiàn)自己躺在醫(yī)院里。（結(jié)果狀語）

2.分詞作原因、結(jié)果、時(shí)間、條件、讓步、伴隨狀語。

Having finished his homework，he went to bed.完成作業(yè)后，他去睡覺了。（時(shí)間狀語）

Greatly inspired by the teacher’s words，he made up his mind to work even harder.

因?yàn)槭艿嚼蠋熂?lì)，他決心更加努力。（原因狀語）

He stood there waiting for a bus.他站在那里等車。（伴隨狀語）

Playing all day，you will waste your valuable time.

如果整天玩，你會(huì)浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間。（條件狀語）

The hurricane left，destroying many houses.

颶風(fēng)離開了，摧毀了許多房屋。（結(jié)果狀語）

Though warned of the danger，the children went on skating on the thin ice.

盡管受到危險(xiǎn)警告，孩子們還是繼續(xù)在薄冰上滑冰。（讓步狀語）

3.分詞做狀語的區(qū)別

（1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，邏輯主語是句子主語，它們之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。

He went out shutting the door behind him.

他出去后將門隨手關(guān)上。（shutting與he是主動(dòng)關(guān)系）

Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help.

由于不知如何辦是好，他去找父母幫忙。（not knowing與he是主動(dòng)關(guān)系）

（2）過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，邏輯主語是句子主語，它們之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.

如果對(duì)這些樹多關(guān)心一些，它們本來會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。（give與the trees是被動(dòng)關(guān)系）

Faced with difficulties，we must try to overcome them.

面對(duì)困難，我們必須設(shè)法克服。（face與we是被動(dòng)關(guān)系）

4.不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別

（1）不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示“未曾料到的不愉快的”結(jié)果。

He got home to learn that his father was ill.他回到家中，得知他父親病了。

Tom got to the station only to find the train had gone.

湯姆到達(dá)車站，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。

（2）現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示“自然的，意料中的結(jié)果”。

His parents died，leaving him an orphan.父母去世了，結(jié)果他成為孤兒。

It rained heavily，causing severe flooding in that country.

大雨滂沱，造成了那個(gè)國(guó)家洪水泛濫。

【高考演練】

1.【安徽】While waiting for the opportunity to get________，Henry did his best to perform his duty.

A.promote B.promoted C.promoting D.to promote

【答案】B 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在等待機(jī)會(huì)被提拔期間，亨利盡量履行好自己的職責(zé)。promote的邏輯主語為Henry，且兩者之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)使用promoted。故選B。

2.【北京】________ carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.

A.Observe B.To observe C.Observed D.Observing

【答案】A 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上下文可知，后面提供了兩個(gè)從句，一個(gè)為條件狀語從句，另一個(gè)為時(shí)間狀語從句的省略句。由此可知，句意表述在某條件下和某時(shí)間，建議某人做某事。這里選擇動(dòng)詞原形，引導(dǎo)的是祈使句。故選A。

3.【北京】Last night，there were millions of people________the opening ceremony live on TV.

A.watch B.to watch C.watched D.watching

【答案】D 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：昨晚有幾百萬的人看電視上直播的開幕式。watching引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，說明人們?cè)谧鍪裁?，與前面的people構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系。故選D。

4.【北京】There are still many problems________before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.

A.solving B.solved C.being solved D.to be solved

【答案】D 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)題干信息，非謂語動(dòng)詞在這里作定語，限定“要去解決的問題”。根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語的規(guī)則：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)和正在發(fā)生；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成；不定式表示將要發(fā)生。故選D。

5.【北京】The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without________.

A.recognizingB.being recognized

C.having recognizedD.having been recognized

【答案】B 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)題中的介詞without 判斷，此處應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)名詞形式，由于他是被人認(rèn)出的，所以應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式，故選B。

6.【全國(guó)大綱卷】Today there are more airplanes________more people than ever before in the skies.

A.carry B.carrying C.carried D.to be carrying

【答案】B 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：現(xiàn)在天空中比以前有更多的飛機(jī)運(yùn)送更多的乘客。此處airplane和carrying 之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。故選B。

7.【福建】________ the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her age.

A.Spending B.Spent C.Having spent D.To spend

【答案】C 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：作為一名交換生，林達(dá)去年在香港生活學(xué)習(xí)以后，看起來比她的那些同齡人更成熟。主語Linda和動(dòng)詞spend 之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，并且spend的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在appear 動(dòng)作之前，故使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，故選C。

8.【福建】For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________.

A.connected B.connecting C.to connect D.to be connected

【答案】A 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：對(duì)于那些與家人相隔遙遠(yuǎn)的人來說，個(gè)人電腦和電話在（他們與家人之間）保持聯(lián)系方面起著重要的作用。（be）connected with是固定短語，意為“與……保持聯(lián)系、聯(lián)絡(luò)”，其中connected可以看作表示狀態(tài)的形容詞，用作表語；stay可以用作系動(dòng)詞，故選A。

9.【湖南】Children，when________by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.

A.to be accompaniedB.to accompany

C.accompanyingD.accompanied

【答案】D 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞和省略。句意：有家長(zhǎng)陪同的孩子們才準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入體育館。動(dòng)詞 accompany與主語children構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；當(dāng)從句的主語和主句的主語一致，且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式時(shí)，從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞可以一起省略，本題中省略的部分為they are。故選D。

10.【湖南】________ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.

A.UnderstandingB.To be understood

C.Being understoodD.Having understood

【答案】A 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：了解你自己的需要和交流風(fēng)格與學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)你的喜愛和情感一樣重要。此處用非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語，且動(dòng)詞后有自己的賓語，因此用主動(dòng)形式。故選A。

11.【湖南】There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，________at the night sky.

A.to stare B.staring C.stared D.having stared

【答案】B 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：躺在草坪的中央遙望著夜空，沒有比這更快樂的事情了。此處staring作伴隨狀語，與隱含的主語（說話人）構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選B。

12.【湖南】________ ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness.

A.Having freed B.Freed C.To free D.Freeing

【答案】C 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：為了避免身體上和精神上的緊張，我們每一個(gè)人都需要沉思和內(nèi)心的寂靜。此處用不定式表目的。故選C。

13.【江蘇】The lecture________，a lively question-and-answer session followed.

A.being given B.having given C.to be given D.having been given

【答案】D 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：先是做了演講，接著是一個(gè)生動(dòng)的問答環(huán)節(jié)。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處作狀語，lecture和give 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，并表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故用having been done，故選D。

14.【江西】When it comes to________in public，no one can match him.

A.speak B.speaking C.being spoken D.be spoken

【答案】B 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)談到在公共場(chǎng)合發(fā)言時(shí)，沒有人能和他相比。做此題時(shí)可用排除法，先根據(jù)介詞的用法排除A、D兩項(xiàng)，再根據(jù)主動(dòng)語態(tài)排除C項(xiàng)，確定答案。come to短語中的to為介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，此處指“發(fā)言”，不用被動(dòng)，故選B。

15.【江西】________ nearly all our money，we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.

A.Having spent B.To spent C.Spent D.To have spent

【答案】A 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：我們幾乎已經(jīng)花完了所有的錢，沒錢住旅館了。根據(jù)句意可用排除法排除作目的狀語的不定式；spend與we之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，spend這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在afford之前，故應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。故選A。

16.【江西】He is thought________foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.

A.to act B.to have acted C.acting D.having acted

【答案】B 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：他被認(rèn)為舉止愚蠢。現(xiàn)在除了他自己沒人為他失去這份工作負(fù)責(zé)。be thought后應(yīng)該接不定式，act的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在think 動(dòng)作之前，故應(yīng)該用不定式的完成式。故選B。

17.【山東】There’s a note pinned to the door________when the shop will open again.

A.saying B.says C.said D.having said

【答案】A 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：門上別了一張便條寫了商店再開門的時(shí)間。句子的主干是there’s a note，pinned to是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾note，say與note是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾note。故選A。

18.【山東】It’s standard practice for a company like this one________a security officer.

A.employed B.being employed C.to employ D.employs

【答案】C 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：對(duì)于一個(gè)像這樣的公司來說，雇用一個(gè)保安是常規(guī)做法。句中的it是形式主語，to employ a security officer是真正的主語。故選C。

19.【陜西】It’s quite hot today.Do you feel like________for a swim？

A.to go B.going C.go D.having gone

【答案】B 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。feel like后跟非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞形式，故選B。

20.【陜西】________ the difficult maths problem，I have consulted Professor Russell several times.

A.Working out B.Worked out C.To work out D.Work out

【答案】C 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：為了解出那道數(shù)學(xué)難題，我去向Russell 教授咨詢過好幾次。所填詞作目的狀語，用動(dòng)詞不定式，故選C。

21.【四川】The manager was satisfied to see many new products________after great effort.

A.having developedB.to develop

C.developedD.develop

【答案】C 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在做出巨大努力之后，看到很多新產(chǎn)品被研發(fā)出來，經(jīng)理很滿意。此處是非謂語動(dòng)詞作感官動(dòng)詞see的賓語補(bǔ)足語，develop與賓語products為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使用過去分詞。故選C。