[高中]全新語法:非謂語動詞作定語的區(qū)別

四、非謂語動詞作定語的區(qū)別

1.作前置定語

（1）現(xiàn)在分詞具有主動、進(jìn)行的意義，而過去分詞則具有被動、完成的意義。

a developing country=a country which is developing 發(fā)展中國家

a developed country=a country which has developed 發(fā)達(dá)國家

boiling water=water which is boiling 正在沸騰的水

boiled water=water which has boiled 已開過的水

（2）現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示正在進(jìn)行的動作，動名詞作定語表示所修飾的名詞的用途。

a sleeping car=a car for sleeping 臥鋪車廂

a sleeping boy=a boy who is sleeping 正在睡覺的男孩

2.作后置定語

（1）時(shí)間上的區(qū)別

The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important.

the problem which is to be discussed at the meeting is very important.

將要在會上討論的問題很重要。（to be discussed 將要討論）

The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.

the problem which was discussed at the meeting is very important.

會上討論過的問題很重要。（discussed 已經(jīng)討論）

The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.

the problem which is being discussed at the meeting is very important.

正在會上討論的問題很重要。（being discussed 正在討論）

（2）不定式只能作后置定語

Li Xuemei was the first athlete to get to the finishing line.

李雪梅是第一個(gè)到達(dá)終點(diǎn)的選手。

He has a lot of work to do today.今天他有大量的活要干。

There is nothing for us to worry about.沒有什么可值得我們擔(dān)憂的。