1.作主語
(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)常用it作形式主語。
It is a waste of time doing ...做……是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間
It is no good doing ...做……是沒好處
It is no use doing ...做……是沒用處
It’s fun doing ...做……很有意思
It is worth doing ...值得做……
It doesn’t matter doing ...做……沒有關(guān)系
It is no good talking.空談是沒有用的。
It’s fun working for him.為他工作很有意思。
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶打翻了哭也沒有用。
It is a waste of time doing such a thing.做這種事情是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
It is worth discussing the problem.討論這個(gè)問題是值得的。
It doesn’t matter wasting a little money.浪費(fèi)一點(diǎn)錢沒有關(guān)系。
【比較】
①It was nice meeting you.見到你真高興! (用于分別時(shí))
②It is nice to meet you.(用于剛剛見面時(shí))
(2)“There is no doing sth.” 句式中作主語,意為“不可能……,無法……”
There’s no denying the fact.這一事實(shí)不容否認(rèn)。
There is no getting over the difficulty.這困難無法克服。
There is no knowing what he will do next.無法知道他下一步要干什么。
There was no telling when she would be back.沒法知道她什么時(shí)候回來。
There is no saying how long the rain is going to last.說不準(zhǔn)這場(chǎng)雨要下多久。
There is no bearing such rude remarks.如此粗話,叫人根本無法忍受。
2.作表語
His favorite sport is swimming.他喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是游泳。
Her job was washing clothes.她的工作是洗衣服。
【提示】 動(dòng)名詞作主語和表語時(shí)要用“平行結(jié)構(gòu)”。
Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.眼見為實(shí)。
It’s easy saying than doing.=It’s easy to say than to do.說易做難。
3.作賓語
(1)作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語
只用動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞:
admit 承認(rèn) advise 建議 allow 允許 appreciate 感激
avoid 避免 consider 考慮 delay 耽誤 deny 否認(rèn)
endure 忍受 enjoy 喜歡 escape 逃脫 prevent 阻止
fancy 想象 finish 完成 forbid 禁止 forgive 寬恕
imagine 想象 keep 繼續(xù) mention 提及 mind 介意
miss 錯(cuò)過 permit 允許 postpone 推遲 practise 練習(xí)
recommend 建議 resist 抵抗 risk 冒險(xiǎn) stand 忍受
stop 停止 suggest 建議
It was impossible to avoid being affected.要想不受影響是不可能的。
I’ve often considered studying abroad.我經(jīng)常在想出國留學(xué)。
She enjoys helping her parents with the housework.她喜歡幫她父母做家務(wù)。
Can you imagine living without electricity? 你能想象沒有電的生活嗎?
(2)作短語動(dòng)詞的賓語
add to 增加 adapt oneself to 使適應(yīng)
adjusted ...to 調(diào)整 apply oneself to 致力于
get used to 習(xí)慣 can’t help 禁不住
come close to 幾乎 come to 談到
contribute to 有助于;促成 contribute to 有助于
depend on 依靠 devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于
do well in 在……方面做得好 dream of 夢(mèng)想
feel like 打算 get down to開始
give up 放棄 go in for 愛好,喜歡
have an objection to 反對(duì) insist on 堅(jiān)持
lead to 導(dǎo)致 look forward to 盼望
object to 反對(duì) pay attention to 注意
persist in 堅(jiān)持 prefer ...to ...比起……更喜歡做
put off 推遲 set about 開始
stick to 堅(jiān)持 succeed in 成功
The doctor told me to give up smoking.醫(yī)生叫我戒煙。
She burst out crying.她突然哭起來。
They have put off leaving.他們已推遲動(dòng)身。
I insist on taking a proper trip.我堅(jiān)決主張進(jìn)行一次合適的旅行。
I don’t feel like eating anything.我什么也不想吃。
I’m looking forward to seeing him.我盼望著見到他。
(3)作介詞賓語
I am afraid of hurting her feelings.我怕傷害她的感情。
This is an instrument for measuring speed.這是一種測(cè)量速度用的儀器。
They have been used to living in the small village.他們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣住在這個(gè)小村子里了。
How about going for a picnic? 去野餐怎么樣?
(4)有些及物動(dòng)詞接不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語意義相同。
attempt 試圖 begin 開始 bother 麻煩 can’t bear不能忍受
cease 停止 continue 繼續(xù) hate 憎恨 intend 想要
like 喜歡 love 喜歡 prefer 寧可 start 開始
He likes to sing/singing.他喜歡唱歌。
It has started to rain/raining.開始下雨了。
(5)有些動(dòng)詞接不定式或動(dòng)名詞意義不同。
can’t help to do 不能幫忙做某事 can’t help doing 禁不住做某事
be afraid to do 不敢做某事 be afraid of doing 擔(dān)心發(fā)生某事
forget to do 忘記要去做某事 forget doing 忘記做過某事
go on to do 繼續(xù)去做另外一件事情 go on doing 繼續(xù)做同一件事情
mean to do 打算要做某事 mean doing 意味著
remember to do 記住去做某事 remember doing 記得做過某事
regret to do 對(duì)要做的事遺憾 regret doing 對(duì)做過的事遺憾、后悔
stop to do 停止去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事
try to do 努力、企圖做某事 try doing 試驗(yàn)、試一試某種辦法
We stopped to have a rest.我們停下來休息了一會(huì)。(to have a rest目的狀語)
Don’t stop trying once again.不要停止,再試一次。(trying ...作stop的賓語)
I’m afraid to tell her.我不敢告訴她。(因?yàn)楹ε隆安桓腋嬖V她”)
He is afraid of being scolded.他擔(dān)心受責(zé)備。(擔(dān)心的是“會(huì)受到責(zé)備”)
4.作同位語
This is my recreation,reading novels.這便是我的娛樂,看小說。
His hobby,making model airplanes,is very interesting.
他的嗜好是做模型飛機(jī),非常有趣。
5.作定語
a dancing teacher 舞蹈教師 a smoking room 吸煙室
a walking stick 手杖 a writing desk 寫字臺(tái)
a swimming pool 游泳池 drinking water 飲用水
a bathing cap 浴帽 a changing room 更衣室
a waiting room 候診室 an ironing board 燙衣板
a hiding place 藏身處 an operating table 手術(shù)臺(tái)
building materials 建筑材料 a diving board 跳板
a writing table 寫字臺(tái) reading materials 閱讀材料
a closing speech 閉幕詞 an opening speech 開幕詞
working hours 工作時(shí)間 a dancing hall 舞廳
【提示】 動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí)表示被修飾的名(代)詞的用途。
a smoking room=a room for smoking 吸煙室
drinking water=water for drinking 飲用水
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