[高中]全新語(yǔ)法:動(dòng)詞不定式 六、動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式

六、動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式

1.被動(dòng)式的形式

2.不定式被動(dòng)式的句法作用

（1）作主語(yǔ)

It’s a great honour to be invited to the banquet.承蒙邀請(qǐng)赴宴，甚是榮幸。

It’s not a bad thing to be criticized.受批評(píng)并非是一件不好的事。

【提示】 不定式的被動(dòng)式作主語(yǔ)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。

（2）作賓語(yǔ)

Li Ming pretended to have been praised.李明假裝受到過表?yè)P(yáng)。

He asked to be sent to Beijing to work.他要求派到北京去工作。

（3）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

He wanted the letter to be typed at once.他讓把這封信立即打好。

He doesn’t want good farm land to be built on.他不愿把好的農(nóng)田用來造房子。

【提示】 賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用不定式的被動(dòng)式。

（4）作表語(yǔ)

His wish is to be trusted.他希望受到信任。

He seems to have been trained.他好像受過訓(xùn)練。

（5）作定語(yǔ)

She was the first woman to have been elected.她是這個(gè)位置上當(dāng)選的第一個(gè)婦女。

The house to be built next year is a school.明年建的這棟房子是一所學(xué)校。

（6）作狀語(yǔ)

I had to shout to be heard.我必須叫喊對(duì)方才能聽得見。（目的狀語(yǔ)）

I was very glad to be invited.我很高興被邀請(qǐng)。（原因狀語(yǔ)）

You were lucky not to be killed.你大難不死，真是好運(yùn)氣。（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）

He has returned only to be sent away again.他回來后又被打發(fā)走了。（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）

The case was too heavy to be carried by a child.箱子太重小孩拿不動(dòng)。（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）

He shut himself in the room so as not to be disturbed.

他把自己關(guān)在屋里以免受到打擾。（目的狀語(yǔ)）

3.不用不定式被動(dòng)式的情況

（1）做定語(yǔ)用的不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)在句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)

I have a lot of work to do.我有許多工作要做。（主語(yǔ)I是to do的邏輯主語(yǔ)）

I’ll give you something to read.我將給你一些東西讀。（賓語(yǔ)you是to read的邏輯主語(yǔ)）

（2）在形容詞后做狀語(yǔ)的不定式，與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)

This question is easy to answer.這個(gè)問題很容易回答。

That man is difficult to deal with.那個(gè)人很難對(duì)付。

【提示】 這種句式可以變?yōu)閕t作形式主語(yǔ)的句式。

It is easy to answer this question.

It is difficult to deal with that man.

（3）不定式作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)

This is a hard question to answer.這是一個(gè)很難回答的問題。

That is a nice place to visit.那是一個(gè)值得參觀的好地方。

（4）不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)與不定式是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)

We find this text easy to understand.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這篇課文很容易理解。

I find the man hard to get along with.我覺得這人很難相處。

（5）“There be ...”句式中“for sb.to do ...”作定語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)

There are still many questions for us to discuss.我們還有許多問題要討論。

There is nothing for me to do at present.眼下我沒事可干。

【提示】 There are a lot of reasons for the book to be published （這本書有很多理由要出版）中，不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)book與不定式是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此用被動(dòng)式。