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[高中]全新語法:實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 一、按詞匯功能分類

所屬教程:高中英語語法大全

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2021年11月23日

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一、按詞匯功能分類

1.不及物動(dòng)詞

ache 疼痛    apologize 道歉    appear 出現(xiàn)    arrive 到達(dá)    come 來

cough 咳嗽    cry 哭        dance 跳舞     die 死       disappear 消失

exist 存在    fall 掉        flow 流淌     go 去       happen 發(fā)生

lie 躺      listen 聽       rise 升起     run 跑       stay 呆、留

sit 坐      stand 站       succeed 成功    swim 游泳

2.及物動(dòng)詞

accept 接受   borrow 借       bury 埋      cover 覆蓋

defeat 挫敗   discover 發(fā)現(xiàn)     enjoy 喜歡     excite 使激動(dòng)

forget 忘記   guess 猜測       interest 使感興趣 love 熱愛

please 使高興  put 放         raise 提高     surprise 使涼訝

3.雙賓語動(dòng)詞

(1)及物動(dòng)詞+sth.to sb.

allow 允許    award 授予      bring 帶給     hand 交給     lend 借給

mail 郵寄     offer 提供      owe 欠       pass 傳遞     pay 付給

post 郵遞     read 讀給       return 歸還     send 寄給     sell 賣給

serve 招待    show 展示       take 拿給      teach 教導(dǎo)     tell 告訴

throw 扔     write 寫

He gave me a picture-book as a present.他給我一本圖畫書做禮物。

He gave a picture-book to me as a present.

I returned him the storybook.我把故事書還給他了。

I returned the storybook to him.

(2)及物動(dòng)詞+sth.for sb.

book 預(yù)定    buy 買   choose 選擇   cook 做飯   draw 畫   fetch 去取

find 找到    fix 安裝  get 得到     make 制作   order 訂購  pick 選擇

prepare 準(zhǔn)備   save 節(jié)省  sing 唱歌    steal 偷

He bought me a picture-book as a present.他給我買了一本圖畫書做禮物。

He bought a picture-book for me as a present.

I’ve ordered you an air ticket.我已為你預(yù)訂了一張機(jī)票。

I’ve ordered an air ticket for you.

【提示】

只能用“動(dòng)詞+直賓+to+間賓”結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞:explain,announce,report,suggest。

The teacher explained the difficult point of grammar to me.老師給我講解了語法難點(diǎn)。

He announced to her his intention of going.他向她宣布他打算離開。

I reported the theft to the police.我向警方報(bào)告了這起盜竊案。

He suggested the plan to Haas.他向哈斯提出那個(gè)計(jì)劃。

4.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞

(1)及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+形容詞

believe 相信   consider 認(rèn)為   cut 切    dye 染      declare 宣布

drive 驅(qū)使    find 發(fā)現(xiàn)     force 強(qiáng)迫  imagine 想象   judge 判斷

keep 使保持    leave 留下     make 使    push 推      paint 漆 set 使

You drive me mad when you say that.你講這話真叫我惱火。

They judged her stupid.他們認(rèn)為她很蠢。

Please set the bird free.請把鳥放掉吧。

Mr Tomthon declared his story false.湯姆遜先生說他講的事是假的。

(2)及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+名詞

call 叫     choose 選擇    consider 認(rèn)為   elect 選舉   find 找到

keep 使     make 使變?yōu)椤   ame 命名     wish 祝愿

We consider him a strange person.我們認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)奇特的人。

We find him an honest man.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是個(gè)誠實(shí)的人。

We elected him chairman of the club.我們選他任俱樂部主席。

【提示】 chairman是表示唯一的職務(wù)的名詞,作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)前面不加冠詞。

(3)及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+to do

advise 建議   allow 允許   ask 要求   beg 請求   encourage 鼓勵(lì)

expect 期望   get 使     invite 邀請  order 命令  teach 教

tell 告訴    warn 警告    want 想要   wish 希望

Mother often tells me to make friends carefully.

媽媽經(jīng)常告誡我交朋友要慎重。

I persuaded him to accept the plan.我說服他接受這個(gè)計(jì)劃。

(4)及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+do

look at 看  notice 注意  observe 觀察  see 看見  watch 注意看  listen to 聽

hear 聽見   feel 感覺   have 使     let 讓   make 使

The pain made him cry out.他痛得叫喊起來。

I have never observed him act like that.我從來沒見過他如此表現(xiàn)。

We felt the house shake just now.我們剛才感覺房子晃了一下。

Did you notice anyone take the book away? 你看到誰把那本書拿走了嗎?

(5)及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+to be

believe 相信  consider 認(rèn)為  declare 宣布  find 發(fā)現(xiàn)  imagine 相信  judge 判斷

prove 證明   report 報(bào)道   think 認(rèn)為   deny 否認(rèn)  discover 發(fā)覺  feel 感覺

guess 猜測   know 知道    suppose 架設(shè)  understand 理解

They all believe the story to be true.他們都相信這篇報(bào)道是真實(shí)的。

He declared the story to be false.他斷言這篇報(bào)道是假的。

Imagine yourself to be in his place.設(shè)想你自己處于他的地位,那又會(huì)怎么樣呢?

We judged the distance to be about four miles.我們估計(jì)距離大約是 4 英里。

(6)及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+doing

bring 引起    catch 碰上    discover 發(fā)現(xiàn)   feel 感覺    find 發(fā)覺

get 使(動(dòng)起來) have 讓(一直) hear 聽見     keep 使(一直) leave 聽任

notice 注意到   observe 觀察   see 看見      send 使(突然) set 使(引起)

start 使(引起) watch 觀察

Her cries brought the neighbours running.她的哭喊聲引得鄰居們都跑來了。

The teacher caught the boy cheating.那孩子在作弊的時(shí)候被老師發(fā)現(xiàn)了。

I discovered him living next to me.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他就住在我的隔壁。

He felt himself getting younger and younger.他感到自己越活越年輕了。

His words got us thinking.他的話使我們思索起來。

His behaviour set people talking.他的行動(dòng)引起了人們的議論。

The victory sent our spirits rising.勝利使得我們非常高興。

He left me waiting outside in the rain.他讓我站在雨里等候。

His criticism started me thinking seriously.他的批評引起我認(rèn)真思考。

(7)及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+done

find 發(fā)現(xiàn)   feel 感覺   get 使   have 使   hear 聽見   make 使

see 看見    think 認(rèn)為   watch 注意看

I couldn’t make myself heard by all the listeners.我不能使所有聽眾都能聽見我。

He found himself surrounded by a group of children.他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被一群孩子包圍了。

(8)及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+副詞

ask 叫、讓   drive 驅(qū)使   find 發(fā)現(xiàn)   get 使   invite 邀請

let 讓     see 看見    shut 關(guān)閉   show 領(lǐng)

Can I ask Bob in? 我可以讓鮑勃進(jìn)來嗎?

Show the visitor in,please.請把客人帶進(jìn)來。

They fought bravely to drive the enemy out.他們勇敢地戰(zhàn)斗把敵人趕出去。

(9)及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+介詞短語

discover 發(fā)現(xiàn)  feel 感覺  find 發(fā)現(xiàn)   get 使  have 使  hear 聽見

keep 保持    make 使   notice 注意到 see 看見

Don’t have children at home all day.Give them time to play outdoors.

不要讓孩子老呆在家里。給他們外出玩耍的時(shí)間。

She discovered the cat under the table.她發(fā)現(xiàn)那只貓?jiān)谧雷酉隆?/p>

Keep these books on the shelf and take them when necessary.

把所有的書放在書架上,用時(shí)隨時(shí)拿。

5.常用被動(dòng)句式的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞

be accustomed to 使習(xí)慣于    be adapted to 適應(yīng)于

be addicted in 沉溺于      be applied to 應(yīng)用于

be devoted to 致力于       be dressed in 穿著

be engaged in 從事于       be engaged to 同……訂婚

be hidden in/among 藏身于    be lost in 入迷

be occupied with 從事      be prepared for 準(zhǔn)備

be seated in (on)就座     be stationed round 駐扎在……周圍

He was hidden among the trees.他躲藏在樹林里。

Powerful troops were stationed round the capital.首都周圍駐扎著強(qiáng)大的部隊(duì)。


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