1.by
(1)接交通工具時,不用任何限定詞;用on或in時,交通工具前用限定詞。
Jenny goes to school by bike.詹妮騎自行車去上學。(by bike=on a bike)
Mr Green goes to work by car.格林先生開車去上班。(by car=in a car)
(1)by air 乘飛機 by water 由水路 by sea 由海路 by land 由陸路
by car 乘車 by bus 乘公共汽車 by boat 乘船 by plane 乘飛機
by spaceship 乘宇宙飛船 by ship 乘輪船 by train 乘火車
(2)on horseback 在馬背上 on a horse 騎馬 on the camel 騎駱駝 on foot 步行
【提示】 by the sea意為“在海邊”
(2)by表示用某種方式或手段,意為“依靠,憑借”,后接名詞、代詞動名詞。
Man does not live by bread alone.人不能單靠面包生存。
They were playing cards by electric light.他們正借著燈光打牌。
I did it all by myself! 我完全是靠自己做成此事的!
He makes a living by teaching.他靠教書為生。
2.with后跟具體的工具
We see with our eyes.我們用眼睛看。
It’s impossible to cut a pineapple with such a dull knife.
用一把這么鈍的刀子切菠蘿是不可能的。
3.in表示使用材料和語言等
Can you say it in English? 你能用英語說嗎?
Please write it in ink,not in pencil.請用鋼筆寫而不要用鉛筆寫。
【比較】 我經(jīng)常用鋼筆做作業(yè)。
①I often do my homework in pen.
②I often do my homework with a pen.
4.as 表示“以……的身份/資格/角色”
accept ...as 作為……而接受 appoint ...as 任命……為
describe ...as 把……描述為 dress ...as 把……打扮為
employ ...as 雇傭……做 have ...as 認為……是
imagine ...as 想象……為 know ...as 認定……為
look on ...as 認為……是 rank ...as 將……分為……等級
receive ...as作為……歡迎、招待 recognize ...as作為……承認
recommend ...as 推薦……為 represent ...as 把……描述為
respect ...as作為……尊敬 regard ...as 認為……是
take ...as 把……看作 think of ...as 認為……是
treat ...as 把……看作 use ...as 把……用作
He worked as a cashier in a bank.他在一家銀行干過出納。
I continued as manager.我繼續(xù)擔任經(jīng)理職務。
France is famous as a wine-producing country.法國以產(chǎn)酒國著稱于世。
He does this job as a skilled labour.他做起這個活像個熟手。
5.like表示性質(zhì)、性格、外貌、形狀等的“像……”
What does your father look like? 你爸爸長什么樣?
He is like her mother.他長得像他媽媽。
I don’t want to act like my friend.我不想像我朋友那樣干。
There is nobody like the old woman for telling a story.
論講故事沒人能比得上這個老太太。