【高一英語】語法：代詞的用法詳解（3）

三. 不定代詞

1. 用some還是用any

1) 一般說來，some用于肯定;any用于否定，例如：

There are some letters for you. There aren't any letters for me.

2) 疑問句中，一般用any，如問話人心中已經(jīng)有“數(shù)”，或認(rèn)為對方會做出肯定回答時，用some。試比較：

Have you any apples? (I can't see any.)

Could I have some of those apples? (which I can see.)

3) 注意其它方式的否定因素也可決定應(yīng)該用any，如：

I don't think there are any letters.(主句動詞否定轉(zhuǎn)移，從句中用any。)

The boy solved the problem without any difficulty. (介詞without含否定意味。)

4) any在表示“任何(人或物)”時，可用于肯定句中：

Oh! Any book will do;I just want something to read on the train.

5) 當(dāng)說話人心中有“數(shù)”(盡管可能不是具體數(shù)字)時，否定句中也用some，如：

Some boys haven't done their homework.(肯定有人沒做，盡管不一定知道是多少人。)

6) any可用條件從句中，表示情況不明或未定，如：

Let me know if you need any help.(不知道對方是否需要幫助。)

試比較： Let me know if you need some help.(知道能如何提供幫助。)

2. all和both

1) all和both后面的of可有可無。

All / Both (of) the desks are new.

注：Both the desks... = Both of the desks... = Both desks...(the或of the可有可無)

2) 注意下列兩種句子里all/both的位置：

They all / both agree with me. I agree with them all / both.

句中all或both直接跟在代詞(主格或賓格)之后作同位語;其它不定代詞不能這樣用。

3) all/both同頻度副詞一樣，可位于句中(主、謂語之間或謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)之中)，如：

They all / both came. They were all / both waiting.

(注;each也能這樣用，其它不定代詞都不能。)

3. either與neither

either指“兩者之中任何一個”，neither指“兩者都不”通常與單數(shù)動詞連用。但在非正式英語中也可與復(fù)數(shù)動詞連用。例如：

You've got two answers. Either is correct. Neither is wrong.

There are trees on either/each side of the street.

Neither of the books is worth reading.(=Neither of the books are worth reading)

4. nobody, no one, nothing和none

nobody和no one指人，作單數(shù)，后面不能接of 短語,例如：

Nobody/No one knows why she was late again.

Nobody was hurt in the match，were they?(反意疑問句中，可用復(fù)數(shù)代詞they來代替。)

nothing指物，作單數(shù);none指人或物，作單救或復(fù)數(shù)均可。none既可用于可數(shù)名詞，也可用于不可數(shù)名詞, 例如：

None of the money on the table is mine.

None of his reasons was/were true.

There's nothing on the table but a blue cap.

Of all my classmates， none likes dancing.

5. every與each

every強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“全體”;each則強(qiáng)調(diào)的是具體“每一個”。例如：

On every/each side of the square there were soldiers.

(The square has more than two sides。every side = each side =all sides表示“每邊、各邊”。) 試比較：

On either/each side of the road there were soldiers.

(The road has only two sides. either side= each side = both sides，表示二者之中“每一邊”。)

此外，each可作名詞性代詞，如：

Each has two books.(each作主語)

We each are satisfied with our own rooms.

(each作同位語，常位于主語和謂語動詞之間，謂語動詞及代詞等應(yīng)與主語一致。)

We are satisfied with our own rooms each. (each作同位語時，也可置于句末。)

6. other, the other和another

1) other表示“另外的(人或物)”，“其他的(人或物)”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為others。例如：

There are other ways of doing this exercise.

Lei Feng was always ready to he1p others.

2) the other表示兩者之中的“另一個(人或物)”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為the others，例如：

He has a pen in one hand and a book in the other.。

Only three of the students were in the classroom;the others were all on the playground.

當(dāng)other泛指“別人”時，前面不加定冠詞：

We must always be ready to help others.

3) another表示不定數(shù)目中的“另一個或類似的下個(人或物)”，還可與數(shù)詞連用，表示“再，又”的意思。例如：

How about another cup of tea?

The strike may last another two weeks.

7. one

1) one只可用于指代可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones。例如：

If you can't find your pen，use the one on the table.

What nice shirts!which one/ones shall we buy?

2) one/ones通常不能直接用在their，my，his等物主代詞以及a(n)，own，several和名詞所有格后面。例如：

His knife seems sharper than mine.(不能用 my one代替mine)

They don't like this town;they want very much to go back to their own.(不能用 * their own one代替their own 或 their own country)

但是，當(dāng)one/ones前面還帶有形容詞時，則例外。如：

Have you any knives?I need a sharp one.

My old dictionary isn't as good as John's new one.

3) the/this/that one與that：

that可以指代不可數(shù)名詞，而one不能。如：

The weather in Wuhan is much warmer than that in Tianjing. (that不能用the one取代) that后面常接of短語，例如：

This dictionary is more expensive than that one.(that one=that dictionary. one一般不省略)

The window of your room is much bigger than that of mine.(that=the window，它后面有of短語，一般不用the one替代)

有時候the one和that可以互相取代，如：

The gold ring is in that box --- the one(=that)with the key in the lock.

4) one可以泛指人，相當(dāng)于you，we，people，其所有格為one's。例如：

One should do one's/his duty.