主謂一致——高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講精練

　　主謂一致Agreement

　　知識(shí)要點(diǎn)：

　　在英語(yǔ)的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。如何判定，則要看句子的意思。多數(shù)情況下，根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)形式就能判定，但有的則要看整句的意思，及強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容。下面我們就常用的、易混的幾種情況作一下解釋。

　　1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：

　　1)The book is on the table.

　　2)He is reading English.

　　3)To work hard is necessary.(It is necessary to work hard.)

　　4)How you get there is a problem.

　　2、復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)跟復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如：

　　Children like to play toys.

　　3、在倒裝句中，動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和它后面的主語(yǔ)的數(shù)一致。如以here,there開頭，be 動(dòng)詞與后面第一個(gè)名詞一致。如：

　　1)There is a dog near the door.

　　2)There were no schools in this area before liberation.

　　3)Here comes the bus.

　　4)On the wall were two famous paintings.

　　5)Here is Mr Brown and his children.

　　4、and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如果主語(yǔ)后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍與短語(yǔ)前的主語(yǔ)的形式保持一致。如：

　　1)Jane, Mary and I are good friends.

　　2)He and my father work in the same factory.

　　3)His sister, no less than you, is wrong.

　　4)The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.

　　5)He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.

　　6)Every picture except these two has been sold.

　　7)Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.

　　8)Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.

　　9)Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.

　　5、并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。如：

　　1)The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.

　　這位工人作家明天要來我們學(xué)校。

　　2)Bread and butter is their daily food.

　　面包和黃油是他們每日的食品。

　　3)The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.

　　那位作家和那位工人明天將來我們學(xué)校。(兩個(gè)人)

　　6、and連接的并列單數(shù)名詞前如有each, every, no, many a修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：

　　1)Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.

　　所有的孩子都被邀請(qǐng)參加這次聚會(huì)。

　　2)No teacher and no student is absent today.

　　今天沒有老師和學(xué)生缺席。

　　3)Many a student is busy with their lessons.

　　許許多多的學(xué)生都忙著復(fù)習(xí)他們的功課。

　　7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

　　1)Each takes a cup of tea.

　　2)Either is correct.

　　3)Neither of them likes this picture.

　　8、由every, some, any, no構(gòu)成的合成代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

　　1)Is everyone here?

　　2)Nothing is to be done. 沒有什么要干的事兒了。

　　9、關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：

　　1)Those who want to go please sign their names here.

　　2)Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.

　　3)He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.

　　10、表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語(yǔ)作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。如：

　　1)Three years is not a long time.

　　2)Ten dollars is what he needs.

　　3)Five hundred miles is a long distance.

　　11、復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞作為整體看待(如人名、地點(diǎn)、國(guó)家、組織、書籍、報(bào)刊等)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

　　1)The United States is in North America.

　　2)The United Nations has passed a resolution(決議)。

　　3)“The Arabian Nights”(《天方夜譚》)is an interesting book.

　　12、有些集體名詞如family, team, group, class, audience(聽眾，觀眾)，government等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式;如強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

　　1)My family is going to have a long journey.

　　我家要進(jìn)行一次長(zhǎng)途旅行。

　　2)My family are fond of music.

　　我家人都喜歡音樂。

　　3)The class has won the honour.

　　這班獲得了榮譽(yù)。

　　4)The class were jumping for joy.

　　全班同學(xué)都高興得跳了起來。

　　13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，也可表示單數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如：

　　1)All of the apple is rotten. 整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。

　　2)All of the apples are rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。

　　3)Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具)。

　　14、the + 形容詞(或分詞)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常指一類人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如指的是抽象概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式。如：

　　1)The young are usually very active. 年輕人通常是很活躍的。

　　2)The wounded are being taken good care of here now.

　　現(xiàn)在傷病員們?cè)谶@里受到了很好照顧。

　　15、or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or, not only…but (also)連接的是主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后一個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。如：

　　1)Either you or I am going to the movies.

　　2)Not only you but also he is wrong.

　　16、不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

　　1)Water is a kind of matter.

　　2)The news at six o’clock is true.

　　17、集合名詞如：people, police ,cattle等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

　　1)The police are searching for him.

　　2)The cattle are grassing (吃草)。

　　18、population當(dāng)人口講時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)人們講時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

　　1)The population of China is larger than that of Japan.

　　2)One third of the population here are workers.

　　19、the number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)，是表示“…的數(shù)字”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;a (large / great) number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示許多，作主語(yǔ)時(shí);謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　1)The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.

　　2)A number of students have gone for an outing.

　　20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】

　　1、Nothing but cars in the shop.

　　A.is sold B.are sold C.were sold D.are going to sell

　　2、No one except Jack and Tom the answer.

　　A.know B.knows C.is knowing D.are known

　　3、Seventy percent of the students in our school from the countryside.

　　A.is B.are C.comes D.are coming

　　4、 of the money used up.

　　A.Three-five, are B.Three-fifths, have been

　　C.Three-fifths, has been D.Third-fifths, is

　　5、The number of the people who cars increasing.

　　A.owns, are B.owns, is C.own, is D.own, are

　　6、One of Marx’s works written in English in the 1860s.

　　A.was B.were C.would be D.are

　　7、The sheets for your bed washing.

　　A.needs B.are needing C.want D.are wanting

　　8、On each side of the street a lot of trees.

　　A.stands B.grow C.is standing D.are grown

　　9、Some person calling for you at the gate.

　　A.are B.is C.is being D.will be

　　10、All that can be eaten eaten up.

　　A.are being B.has been C.had been D.have been

　　11、Tom’s teacher and friend Mr. Smith.

　　A.are B.is C.are being D.has

　　12、Your new clothes fit you, but mine me.

　　A.doesn’t fit B.don’t fit C.doesn’t fit for D.don’t fit for

　　13、Neither he nor I for the plan.

　　A.am B.are C.is D.were

　　14、Many a student that mistake before.

　　A.has made B.have made C.has been made D.had made

　　15、Peter, perhaps John, playing with the little dog.

　　A.is B.are C.were D.seems

　　16、Laying eggs the ant queen’s full-time job.

　　A.is B.are C.has D.have

　　17、Between the two buildings a monument.

　　A.stand B.stands C.standing D.is standing

　　18、I, who your good friend, will share your joys and sorrow.

　　A.am B.is C.are D.was

　　19、The United Nations in 1945.

　　A.were found B.were founded C.was founded D.was found

　　20、 were also invited to the party.

　　A.Mr Smith B.The Smith C.The Smiths D.Smiths

　　21、The glass works in 1959.

　　A.were set up B.was set up C.were put up D.were built

　　22、Three hours with your girl friend to be a short time.

　　A.seem B.seems C.is seeming D.has seemed

　　23、It was reported that six including a boy.

　　A.was killed B.were killed C.was killing D.had killed

　　24、The police a prisoner.

　　A.is searching for B.are searching forC.is searching D.are searched for

　　25、Deer faster than dogs.

　　A.run B.runs C.are running D.will run

　　26、The wounded good care of here now.

　　A.is taken B.are being taken C.are taking D.is taking

　　27、The whole class greatly moved at his words.

　　A.was B.were C.had D.is

　　28、Over 80 percent of the population of China peasants.

　　A.was B.is C.are D.will be

　　29、There a knife and fork on the table.

　　A.seems to be B.seem to be C.is seeming to be D.are

　　30、Those who singing may join us.

　　A.are liking B.likes C.enjoy D.is fond of

　　31、His family music lovers.

　　A.all are B.are all C.is D.are being

　　32、A professor and a writer present at the meeting.

　　A.was B.is C.were D.had been

　　33、The pair of shoes worn out.

　　A.was B.were C.have been D.had been

　　34、The students in our school each an English dictionary.

　　A.have B.has C.had D.are having

　　35、More than one answer to the question.

　　A.have been given B.has been given C.were given D.had given

　　36、The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who from the countryside in our school. A.are B.is C.were D.was

　　37、Our family a happy one.

　　A.is B.are C.was D.were

　　38、Most of the mistakes because of carelessness.

　　A.were made B.are made C.has been made D.were making

　　39、Most of his time in reading novels.

　　A.are spent B.is spent C.were spent D.was spending

　　40、The rest of the novel very interesting.

　　A.were B.are C.is D.seem

　　41、I know that all getting on well with her.

　　A.was B.is C.are D.were

　　42、When and where this took place still unknown.

　　A.are B.were C.is D.has

　　43、Not only the workers but also the machine not there.

　　A.are B.were C.is D.has

　　44、Very few his address in the town.

　　A.knows B.know C.are knowing D.has known

　　45、Ten thousand dollars a large sum of money.

　　A.are B.is C.were D.seem

　　46、Twenty miles a long way to cover.

　　A.were B.are C.is D.seem to be

　　47、Nine plus three twelve.

　　A.makes B.make C.is making D.are making

　　48、There are two roads and either to the station.

　　A.leads B.lead C.are leading D.is leading

　　49、My father, together with some of his old friends, there already.

　　A.have been B.has been C.had been D.will be

　　50、My family as well as I glad to see you.

　　A.am B.are C.is D.was

　　【答案】：

　　1、A 因有連詞but，所以謂語(yǔ)形式跟Nothing一致，用第三人稱單數(shù)。見講解4。

　　2、B 同上 3、B 見講解2。 4、C 見講解16。

　　5、C 定語(yǔ)從句看被修飾的先行詞：the number of作主語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。見講解9，19。

　　6、A 見講解1。 7、C 見講解2。 8、B 倒裝句，要看后面的主語(yǔ)。見講解3。

　　9、B some person指“某人”是第三人稱單數(shù)。見講解13。

　　10、B 主語(yǔ)“all”指的是“food”，所以代不可數(shù)名詞，是第三人稱單數(shù)。見講解13。

　　11、B Tom’s teacher and friend，因friend前沒有冠詞，所以實(shí)際指的是同一個(gè)人。 見講解5。

　　12、B 根據(jù)前一分句的意思，第二分句中的mine指的是“my new clothes”，因 此主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)。

　　13、A neither…nor…連接主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞與后面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。見講解15。

　　14、A 見講解6。 15、A 見講解4。 16、A 見講解1，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。 17、B 倒裝，見講解3。 18、A 見講解9。 19、C 見講解11。

　　20、C 因謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)，所主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是復(fù)，The Smiths是指史密斯一家人。

　　21、B works在此句中是指工廠，所以是單數(shù)。 22、B 見講解10。

　　23、B six在這兒指的是人，因此用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 24、B 見講解17。

　　25、A deer, sheep是單、復(fù)數(shù)同形，根據(jù)后面的dogs，前面的deer應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)(單 數(shù)前應(yīng)有a)。 26、B 見講解14。 27、B 見講解12，因人才能受感動(dòng)，所以the whole class是指全班的成員。 28、C 見講解18。 29、A 見講解5。刀、*是一副而論，所以看作單數(shù)。 30、C 見講解9。 31、B 見講解12。 32、C 見講解4，注意與第11題比較。

　　33、A 因此句主語(yǔ)是pair，所以用單數(shù)。

　　34、A 因此句主語(yǔ)是the students，所以用復(fù)數(shù)。如果each作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用 第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：Each of the students / Each student has an English dictionary.

　　35、B 此句中的主語(yǔ)是one answer，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與它保持一致。

　　36、B 根據(jù)句意，這個(gè)男孩是學(xué)校中唯一來自農(nóng)村的學(xué)生，自然后面的定語(yǔ)從句 的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，又因主從句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，故B 是唯一正確答案。

　　37、A 見講解12。 38、A 見講解2。39、B 見講解16。

　　40、C 這部小說的剩余部分，還沒超出“一”，用單數(shù)。

　　41、C 見講解13，不定代詞all在此句中代“與她相處的人”，所以是復(fù)數(shù)。

　　42、C 見講解1，when and where this took place是一個(gè)從句。

　　43、C 見講解15。 44、B few在此代人，是復(fù)數(shù)。 45、B 見講解10。

　　46、C 同上。 47、A 同上。 48、A 見講解7。 49、B 見講解4。 50、B 同上。