1.how long
①how long表示“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”,主要用來(lái)對(duì)for或since引起的一段時(shí)間(如three days,four weeks等)提問(wèn)。how long引起的疑問(wèn)句表示“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”時(shí),句子通常用完成時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如:
— How long have you been in Beijing?你在北京呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了?
— For more than six years.六年多了。
— How long did he stay here?他在這兒呆了多久?
— About two weeks.大約兩個(gè)星期。
— How long does it take to get to London from here?從這里到倫敦要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?
— At least ten hours.至少10個(gè)小時(shí)。
②how long表示“多長(zhǎng)”,主要用來(lái)對(duì)物體的長(zhǎng)度進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。如:
— How long is the river?這條河有多長(zhǎng)?
— About 500km.大約500千米。
2.how soon
how soon意為“多久以后”,用來(lái)對(duì)in引起的表示“在……以后”(如:in an hour一小時(shí)以后,in two weeks兩周以后等)的時(shí)間提問(wèn)。how soon引起的疑問(wèn)句,句子通常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。如:
— How soon will he be back?他要多久才回來(lái)?
— In an hour.一小時(shí)以后。
— How soon can we know the results?我們多久以后能知道結(jié)果?
— I don't know.我不知道。
3.how often
how often意為“多久一次”,主要用來(lái)對(duì)表示頻度的單詞或短語(yǔ)(如:often,usually,sometimes,always,seldom,never,once a week,three times a month等)提問(wèn)。how often引起的特殊疑問(wèn)句,句子通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如:
— How often does he come here?他(每隔)多久來(lái)這里一次?
— Once a month.每月一次。
— How often do you visit your mother?你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間看你媽媽一次?
— Once a week.一周一次。
— How often does your mother exercise?你母親多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間鍛煉一次?
— Never.從來(lái)不。
4.how far
how far意為“多遠(yuǎn)”,用來(lái)對(duì)表示距離的單詞或短語(yǔ)提問(wèn)。如:
— How far is your home from school?你家離學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)?
— My house is three miles from school.我家離學(xué)校三英里。
— How far is it from here to the zoo?從這里到動(dòng)物園有多遠(yuǎn)?
— It's 6 kilometres.六公里。
5.how many
how many意為“多少”,用來(lái)提問(wèn)數(shù)量,其后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
How many books are there on the desk?課桌上有多少本書(shū)?
How many students are there in your school?你們學(xué)校有多少學(xué)生?
How many people are there in your family?你家有幾口人?
6.how much
how much有三種用法:
①how much表示“多少”,用來(lái)提問(wèn)數(shù)量,其后跟不可數(shù)名詞。如:
How much milk is there in the glass?玻璃杯里有多少牛奶?
How much money do you have?你有多少錢(qián)?
How much water is there in the river?那條河里有多少水?
②how much表示“多重”,用來(lái)提問(wèn)物體的重量。
— How much does the pig weigh?這頭豬多重?
— Eighty kilos.八十公斤。
③how much表示“多少錢(qián)”,用來(lái)提問(wèn)價(jià)格或價(jià)錢(qián)。
— How much is the eraser?這塊橡皮擦多少錢(qián)?
— Two yuan.兩元。
7.how old
how old意為“多大年齡;幾歲了”,用來(lái)提問(wèn)人或動(dòng)物等的年齡。
How old is your father?你父親多大歲數(shù)了?
How old is your little brother?你小弟弟幾歲了?
How old is the panda?那只熊貓幾歲了?
8.疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式
特殊疑問(wèn)詞可以與動(dòng)詞不定式連用構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ),在句子中作賓語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。常見(jiàn)的“疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”有:what to do意為“該做什么”;how to do it(them)意為“怎樣做”;which to choose意為“該選擇哪一個(gè)”;where to go意為“該去哪里”等。
Where to hold the meeting is a question.在哪兒舉行會(huì)議是個(gè)問(wèn)題。(作主語(yǔ))
I don't know what to write about.我不知道該寫(xiě)什么內(nèi)容。(作賓語(yǔ))
Bill wrote two books on how to do sports.比爾寫(xiě)了兩本關(guān)于如何做運(yùn)動(dòng)的書(shū)。(作介詞賓語(yǔ))
The problem is when to start.問(wèn)題是何時(shí)動(dòng)身。(作表語(yǔ))
He hasn't decided where to go yet.他還沒(méi)決定該去哪兒。(作賓語(yǔ))
注意:
what與不定式連用時(shí),to do后不能再有it或them作賓語(yǔ);how與不定式連用時(shí),to do后通常有it或them作賓補(bǔ)。
9.why not ...?
why not+動(dòng)詞原形,意為“為什么不干某事?”這是用來(lái)提出建議的常用句型,相當(dāng)于why don't you do sth.,而且可以與why don't you do句型進(jìn)行相互轉(zhuǎn)換。如:
Why not have a picnic this afternoon?
=Why don't you have a picnic this afternoon?今天下午為什么不去野餐呢?
Why not go out for a walk?
=Why don't you go out for a walk?何不出去散散步呢?
Why not go home now?
=Why don't you go home now?為什么現(xiàn)在不回家呢?
Why not come earlier?為何不早點(diǎn)來(lái)呢?
Why not come and join us?為什么不來(lái)和我們一起呢?
Why not tell your mother about it?為什么不把這事告訴你媽媽呢?
【中考速遞】
1.[福建中考考題] — _____ has Hong Kong been back to our motherland?
— For 20 years.How time flies!
A.How soon B.How long C.How often
2.[重慶中考考題] — _____ will you finish writing the review of the Indian movie Dangal ?
— In two days.
A.How far B.How often C.How soon D.How long
3.[山東青島中考考題] — _____ do you go to a movie?
— Twice a week.
A.How long B.How soon C.How often D.How far
4.[山東濰坊中考考題] — _____ is it from your home to your school?
— It is about 10 minutes' ride.
A.How long B.How soon C.How far D.How often
5.[江蘇揚(yáng)州中考考題] — I went from a school desk to a ship in my teens.
— _____ days would you be at sea?Homesick?
A.How long B.How many C.How much D.How soon
6.[上海中考考題] — Do you know _____ a 5-day trip to Hong Kong costs?
— I guess it's about ¥4,000.
A.how fast B.how long C.how soon D.how much
7.[湖北襄陽(yáng)中考考題] — _____ are the students in your class?
— Most of them are only fourteen.
A.How long B.How old C.How many D.How often
8.[黑龍江齊齊哈爾中考考題] It is raining outside.Why not _____ an umbrella?
A.to take B.take C.taking
【答案點(diǎn)撥】
1.答案:B 句意:“香港回歸祖國(guó)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了?”“二十年了。時(shí)間過(guò)得好快??!”由答語(yǔ)for 20 years可知問(wèn)句為“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”用how long,故選B。
2.答案:C 句意:“還要多久你能完成這部印度電影《摔跤吧!爸爸》的影評(píng)?”“兩天以后。”由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in two days可知用how soon提問(wèn),故選C。
3.答案:C 句意:“你多久看一次電影?”“一周兩次。”由答語(yǔ)twice a week可知問(wèn)句問(wèn)的是頻率用how often,故選C。
4.答案:C 句意:“從你家到學(xué)校多遠(yuǎn)?”“大約10分鐘的車(chē)程。”由答語(yǔ)可知問(wèn)句是問(wèn)距離用how far,故選C。
5.答案:B 句意:“在青少年時(shí)期,我離開(kāi)學(xué)校就到船上去了。”“你在船上待多少天?想家嗎?”由空格后的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式可知用how many提問(wèn)數(shù)量,故選B。
6.答案:D 句意:“你知道香港5日游花多少錢(qián)嗎?”“我猜大約4000元。”由答語(yǔ)中的about ¥4,000可知上句應(yīng)是詢問(wèn)價(jià)格用how much,故選D。
7.答案:B 句意:“你班上的學(xué)生多大年齡?”“他們多數(shù)僅僅14歲。”由答語(yǔ)可知問(wèn)句詢問(wèn)的是年齡,故選B。
8.答案:B 句意:外面正在下雨。為什么不帶上把雨傘呢?why not后接動(dòng)詞原形,故選B。
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