中考語(yǔ)法句型七、疑問(wèn)句句型

七、疑問(wèn)句句型

1.how long

①how long表示“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，主要用來(lái)對(duì)for或since引起的一段時(shí)間（如three days，four weeks等）提問(wèn)。how long引起的疑問(wèn)句表示“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”時(shí)，句子通常用完成時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如：

— How long have you been in Beijing？你在北京呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？

— For more than six years.六年多了。

— How long did he stay here？他在這兒呆了多久？

— About two weeks.大約兩個(gè)星期。

— How long does it take to get to London from here？從這里到倫敦要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？

— At least ten hours.至少10個(gè)小時(shí)。

②how long表示“多長(zhǎng)”，主要用來(lái)對(duì)物體的長(zhǎng)度進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。如：

— How long is the river？這條河有多長(zhǎng)？

— About 500km.大約500千米。

2.how soon

how soon意為“多久以后”，用來(lái)對(duì)in引起的表示“在……以后”（如：in an hour一小時(shí)以后，in two weeks兩周以后等）的時(shí)間提問(wèn)。how soon引起的疑問(wèn)句，句子通常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。如：

— How soon will he be back？他要多久才回來(lái)？

— In an hour.一小時(shí)以后。

— How soon can we know the results？我們多久以后能知道結(jié)果？

— I don't know.我不知道。

3.how often

how often意為“多久一次”，主要用來(lái)對(duì)表示頻度的單詞或短語(yǔ)（如：often，usually，sometimes，always，seldom，never，once a week，three times a month等）提問(wèn)。how often引起的特殊疑問(wèn)句，句子通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如：

— How often does he come here？他（每隔）多久來(lái)這里一次？

— Once a month.每月一次。

— How often do you visit your mother？你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間看你媽媽一次？

— Once a week.一周一次。

— How often does your mother exercise？你母親多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間鍛煉一次？

— Never.從來(lái)不。

4.how far

how far意為“多遠(yuǎn)”，用來(lái)對(duì)表示距離的單詞或短語(yǔ)提問(wèn)。如：

— How far is your home from school？你家離學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)？

— My house is three miles from school.我家離學(xué)校三英里。

— How far is it from here to the zoo？從這里到動(dòng)物園有多遠(yuǎn)？

— It's 6 kilometres.六公里。

5.how many

how many意為“多少”，用來(lái)提問(wèn)數(shù)量，其后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。

How many books are there on the desk？課桌上有多少本書(shū)？

How many students are there in your school？你們學(xué)校有多少學(xué)生？

How many people are there in your family？你家有幾口人？

6.how much

how much有三種用法：

①how much表示“多少”，用來(lái)提問(wèn)數(shù)量，其后跟不可數(shù)名詞。如：

How much milk is there in the glass？玻璃杯里有多少牛奶？

How much money do you have？你有多少錢(qián)？

How much water is there in the river？那條河里有多少水？

②how much表示“多重”，用來(lái)提問(wèn)物體的重量。

— How much does the pig weigh？這頭豬多重？

— Eighty kilos.八十公斤。

③how much表示“多少錢(qián)”，用來(lái)提問(wèn)價(jià)格或價(jià)錢(qián)。

— How much is the eraser？這塊橡皮擦多少錢(qián)？

— Two yuan.兩元。

7.how old

how old意為“多大年齡；幾歲了”，用來(lái)提問(wèn)人或動(dòng)物等的年齡。

How old is your father？你父親多大歲數(shù)了？

How old is your little brother？你小弟弟幾歲了？

How old is the panda？那只熊貓幾歲了？

8.疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式

特殊疑問(wèn)詞可以與動(dòng)詞不定式連用構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句子中作賓語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。常見(jiàn)的“疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”有：what to do意為“該做什么”；how to do it（them）意為“怎樣做”；which to choose意為“該選擇哪一個(gè)”；where to go意為“該去哪里”等。

Where to hold the meeting is a question.在哪兒舉行會(huì)議是個(gè)問(wèn)題。（作主語(yǔ)）

I don't know what to write about.我不知道該寫(xiě)什么內(nèi)容。（作賓語(yǔ)）

Bill wrote two books on how to do sports.比爾寫(xiě)了兩本關(guān)于如何做運(yùn)動(dòng)的書(shū)。（作介詞賓語(yǔ)）

The problem is when to start.問(wèn)題是何時(shí)動(dòng)身。（作表語(yǔ)）

He hasn't decided where to go yet.他還沒(méi)決定該去哪兒。（作賓語(yǔ)）

注意：

what與不定式連用時(shí)，to do后不能再有it或them作賓語(yǔ)；how與不定式連用時(shí)，to do后通常有it或them作賓補(bǔ)。

9.why not ...？

why not+動(dòng)詞原形，意為“為什么不干某事？”這是用來(lái)提出建議的常用句型，相當(dāng)于why don't you do sth.，而且可以與why don't you do句型進(jìn)行相互轉(zhuǎn)換。如：

Why not have a picnic this afternoon？

=Why don't you have a picnic this afternoon？今天下午為什么不去野餐呢？

Why not go out for a walk？

=Why don't you go out for a walk？何不出去散散步呢？

Why not go home now？

=Why don't you go home now？為什么現(xiàn)在不回家呢？

Why not come earlier？為何不早點(diǎn)來(lái)呢？

Why not come and join us？為什么不來(lái)和我們一起呢？

Why not tell your mother about it？為什么不把這事告訴你媽媽呢？

【中考速遞】

1.[福建中考考題] — _____ has Hong Kong been back to our motherland？

— For 20 years.How time flies！

A.How soon B.How long C.How often

2.[重慶中考考題] — _____ will you finish writing the review of the Indian movie Dangal ？

— In two days.

A.How far B.How often C.How soon D.How long

3.[山東青島中考考題] — _____ do you go to a movie？

— Twice a week.

A.How long B.How soon C.How often D.How far

4.[山東濰坊中考考題] — _____ is it from your home to your school？

— It is about 10 minutes' ride.

A.How long B.How soon C.How far D.How often

5.[江蘇揚(yáng)州中考考題] — I went from a school desk to a ship in my teens.

— _____ days would you be at sea？Homesick？

A.How long B.How many C.How much D.How soon

6.[上海中考考題] — Do you know _____ a 5-day trip to Hong Kong costs？

— I guess it's about ￥4，000.

A.how fast B.how long C.how soon D.how much

7.[湖北襄陽(yáng)中考考題] — _____ are the students in your class？

— Most of them are only fourteen.

A.How long B.How old C.How many D.How often

8.[黑龍江齊齊哈爾中考考題] It is raining outside.Why not _____ an umbrella？

A.to take B.take C.taking

【答案點(diǎn)撥】

1.答案：B 句意：“香港回歸祖國(guó)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？”“二十年了。時(shí)間過(guò)得好快??！”由答語(yǔ)for 20 years可知問(wèn)句為“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”用how long，故選B。

2.答案：C 句意：“還要多久你能完成這部印度電影《摔跤吧！爸爸》的影評(píng)？”“兩天以后。”由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in two days可知用how soon提問(wèn)，故選C。

3.答案：C 句意：“你多久看一次電影？”“一周兩次。”由答語(yǔ)twice a week可知問(wèn)句問(wèn)的是頻率用how often，故選C。

4.答案：C 句意：“從你家到學(xué)校多遠(yuǎn)？”“大約10分鐘的車(chē)程。”由答語(yǔ)可知問(wèn)句是問(wèn)距離用how far，故選C。

5.答案：B 句意：“在青少年時(shí)期，我離開(kāi)學(xué)校就到船上去了。”“你在船上待多少天？想家嗎？”由空格后的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式可知用how many提問(wèn)數(shù)量，故選B。

6.答案：D 句意：“你知道香港5日游花多少錢(qián)嗎？”“我猜大約4000元。”由答語(yǔ)中的about ￥4，000可知上句應(yīng)是詢問(wèn)價(jià)格用how much，故選D。

7.答案：B 句意：“你班上的學(xué)生多大年齡？”“他們多數(shù)僅僅14歲。”由答語(yǔ)可知問(wèn)句詢問(wèn)的是年齡，故選B。

8.答案：B 句意：外面正在下雨。為什么不帶上把雨傘呢？why not后接動(dòng)詞原形，故選B。