[初中]全新英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法12-7 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

在英語(yǔ)中，不同時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用不同的形式來(lái)表示，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的這種不同形式稱為動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。

英語(yǔ)中有8種基本時(shí)態(tài)，其中4種現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，對(duì)應(yīng)4種過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。4種現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。他們對(duì)應(yīng)的4種過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)是：一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)；過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。

12-7 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與two days later，the next week，the following day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

1.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)形式

（1）助動(dòng)詞would+動(dòng)詞原形 。如：

My friend promised she would come the next day.我朋友答應(yīng)第二天要來(lái)。

I told Laura I would go home the following weekend.我告訴勞拉下周末我要回家。

注意：

①would可以和代詞主語(yǔ)縮寫為：I would→I'd；You would→You'd；He would→He'd；She would→She'd；We would→We'd；They would→They'd

②would和not可以縮寫為：wouldn't

（2）助動(dòng)詞was/were+going to+動(dòng)詞原形 。如：

He told us that he was going to attend the meeting.他告訴我說(shuō)他要參加那次會(huì)議。

She said that her uncle was going to meet her at the railway station.她說(shuō)她叔叔將去火車站接她。

2.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法

（1）表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：

I told him I would see him off at the station.我跟他說(shuō)，我會(huì)到車站去給他送行。

He said he would go to Shanghai for the holiday.他說(shuō)他要到上海度假。

He said he would stay with us.他說(shuō)他要與我們呆在一起。

He said he would never go there again.他說(shuō)他絕不會(huì)再去那兒。

注意：

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。在賓語(yǔ)從句中，主句用了過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句表示將來(lái)時(shí)要用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。如：

He told me that I should succeed.他說(shuō)我會(huì)成功。

（2）was/were+going to+動(dòng)詞原形，表示過(guò)去曾經(jīng)打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的動(dòng)作或過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的或很有可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：

They were going to have a meeting.他們?cè)?jīng)打算開(kāi)個(gè)會(huì)。

I thought it was going to rain.我原以為天要下雨了。

（3）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，如：

If I were you，I would not do that.要是我是你的話，我就不會(huì)那樣做。

If he were here，he would show us how to do it.如果他在這兒，他就會(huì)向我們展示該如何做了。

（4）was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原形；was/were to+動(dòng)詞原形；was/were about to+動(dòng)詞原形，可表達(dá)當(dāng)時(shí)一種未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖或打算。如：

The conference was going to be held the next month.會(huì)議原計(jì)劃下一個(gè)月舉行。

We were to have our class at eight.八點(diǎn)我們本該上課了。

I was about to tell him about it when Wu Dong got in.就在我要告訴他這件事情的時(shí)候，吳東進(jìn)來(lái)了。