動詞的類別與特征中的注意點
1.兼作Vt., Vi.的動詞
(1)對兼作Vt., Vi.的動詞,要注意根據(jù)不同的情況選擇使用。
The children are flying their kites in the square.( Vt.)
We saw a plane flying high up in the sky.( Vi.)
(2)有些動詞后跟從句時為Vt.,其它情況為Vi.,但意義基本不變。典型的有wonder, think, insist, agree,等。
The headmaster insisted that the students should wear school uniforms .
The headmaster insisted on the students wearing school uniforms.
(3)有些動詞在Vt. Vi.之間,意義有所不同。如run, stand, lie等
She stood alone under the tree.
I can’t stand such cold weather.
2.常用的雙賓動詞有g(shù)ive, teach, lend, bring, explain, send, offer, pay, sell, buy, tell, show, write, ask, wish, read等,這些動詞都帶有一定的趨向性。因此轉(zhuǎn)換成帶介詞的情況時,??捎胒or , to 來轉(zhuǎn)換。
注意:explain sth. to sb.=explain to sb. sth., describe sth. to sb.=describe to sb. sth.
3.帶賓補的動詞,注意賓補的邏輯主語是動詞賓語
賓補常是名詞、形容詞、介詞短語,副詞和非謂語動詞等。常見的此類動詞有make, have, let, get, keep, find, see, feel, notice等,但要注意不同的動詞有不同的接法。
He kept the children (keep不能用不定式作賓補)
Make…do, have…do/doing/done,get…to do/done, find…doing/done, leave…to do/doing/介詞短語/a./ad., see…doing/do/done
4.后面常接-ing的動詞及短語:suggest, finish, avoid, can’t help, mind, need, enjoy, require, postpone, delay, practice, fancy, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, deny, admit, endure, escape, miss, appreciate, dislike, have a good time doing, put off, call off, give up
5.有些動詞后面接to do 和-ing時意義基本相同,而有的則完全不同,要注意
Love, like, hate, forget, remember, stop, begin, start, continue, prefer, regret, intend, mean, want, need, require, neglect, try, deserve, can’t bear等
6.注意狀態(tài)動詞和動態(tài)動詞的選用
Mother asked the son to notice his manners at the party. (notice就改為mind)
再如:listen/hear, look/see, look for/find, advise/persuade, marry/be married, join/be in等。
7.注意have表“有”時,及系動詞一般不能用進行時態(tài)。
8.注意表示“有”時,have與there be 的選用
9.注意動詞詞組分類(見<零距離>),尤其要注意各類動詞詞組的使用特點及有的動詞詞組的主被動轉(zhuǎn)換使用。
Make use of sth→sth is made use of(介詞不要掉了)/use is made of sth.
10.Hope, intend, expect, plan, want, think, mean 等動詞用過去完成時表示沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望,計劃,打算等
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動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則
助動詞
情態(tài)動詞的用法
被動語態(tài)的動詞