動詞注意點
一、主動表被動的情況
1. 感觀系動詞,look, seem, sound, feel, smell, taste等
eg. The fish tastes nice.
2. measure, weigh等表示度量的動詞。
eg. The elephant weights nearly a ton.
3. wash, clean, open, sell, read, last, write, steer等不及物動詞可以表示被動意義。eg. The ship steer easily.
二、被動句表示主動含義。
She was dressed in a red skirt.
此類動詞常見于dress, seat, devote, adapt, accustom 等后面可以接反身代詞的動詞。
二、時態(tài),語態(tài)
1. 用進行時表示一種情緒。
She is always helping others.(表贊揚)
The man is always smoking in the office, which offends others very much.
2. 一般過去時表示某一動作已完成,過去進行時表示動作可能未完成。
He wrote a letter yesterday morning.(信已寫完)
He was writing a letter yesterday evening. (信可能還未寫完)
3.現(xiàn)在完成時可表示動作持續(xù)至今,一般過去時則表示動作已結束,并不強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。
I have lived in this street.(我一直住這條街上)
I lived in this street.(我曾住在這條街上)
4.表示幾個連續(xù)動作時,盡管有先后,仍要用相同時態(tài)。
He came into the classroom, put down the book and wrote a few words on the blackboard.
5. 在條件和時間狀語從句中常用一般時表示將來。
6.敘述過去發(fā)生的某件事情常用一般過去時,表示過去某個時間或動作之后發(fā)生的事情才用過去將來時,過去某個時刻/段內(nèi)正發(fā)生的事情,才用過去進行時,過去某個時間或動作之前發(fā)生的事情才用過去完成時。因此找準時間的參照點,是正確運用時態(tài)的關鍵。
7.羅列并熟記各種時態(tài)的被動形式。
三.動詞的類別與特征中的注意點
1.兼作Vt., Vi.的動詞
(1)對兼作Vt., Vi.的動詞,要注意根據(jù)不同的情況選擇使用。
The children are flying their kites in the square.( Vt.)
We saw a plane flying high up in the sky.( Vi.)
(2)有些動詞后跟從句時為Vt.,其它情況為Vi.,但意義基本不變。典型的有wonder, think, insist, agree,等。
The headmaster insisted that the students should wear school uniforms .
The headmaster insisted on the students wearing school uniforms.
(3)有些動詞在Vt. Vi.之間,意義有所不同。如run, stand, lie等
She stood alone under the tree.
I can’t stand such cold weather.
2.常用的雙賓動詞有give, teach, lend, bring, explain, send, offer, pay, sell, buy, tell, show, write, ask, wish, read等,這些動詞都帶有一定的趨向性。因此轉(zhuǎn)換成帶介詞的情況時,??捎胒or , to 來轉(zhuǎn)換。
注意:explain sth. to sb.=explain to sb. sth., describe sth. to sb.=describe to sb. sth.
3.帶賓補的動詞,注意賓補的邏輯主語是動詞賓語
賓補常是名詞、形容詞、介詞短語,副詞和非謂語動詞等。常見的此類動詞有make, have, let, get, keep, find, see, feel, notice等,但要注意不同的動詞有不同的接法。
He kept the children (keep不能用不定式作賓補)
Make…do, have…do/doing/done,get…to do/done, find…doing/done, leave…to do/doing/介詞短語/a./ad., see…doing/do/done
4.后面常接-ing的動詞及短語:suggest, finish, avoid, can’t help, mind, need, enjoy, require, postpone, delay, practice, fancy, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, deny, admit, endure, escape, miss, appreciate, dislike, have a good time doing, put off, call off, give up
5.有些動詞后面接to do 和-ing時意義基本相同,而有的則完全不同,要注意
Love, like, hate, forget, remember, stop, begin, start, continue, prefer, regret, intend, mean, want, need, require, neglect, try, deserve, can’t bear等
6.注意狀態(tài)動詞和動態(tài)動詞的選用
Mother asked the son to notice his manners at the party. (notice就改為mind)
再如:listen/hear, look/see, look for/find, advise/persuade, marry/be married, join/be in等。
7.注意have表“有”時,及系動詞一般不能用進行時態(tài)。
8.注意表示“有”時,have與there be 的選用
9.注意動詞詞組分類(見<零距離>),尤其要注意各類動詞詞組的使用特點及有的動詞詞組的主被動轉(zhuǎn)換使用。
Make use of sth→sth is made use of(介詞不要掉了)/use is made of sth.
10.Hope, intend, expect, plan, want, think, mean 等動詞用過去完成時表示沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望,計劃,打算等