小升初英語基本語法與練習(xí)五 動(dòng)詞

　　知識(shí)要點(diǎn)

　　動(dòng)詞表示人或事物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

　　根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動(dòng)詞可分為四類，分別是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(指某個(gè)具體的靜態(tài)如：think, love 等或動(dòng)態(tài)如：run, walk 等)、系動(dòng)詞(常用的是be, feel, get, look, taste等)、助動(dòng)詞(常用的是do, does, did等用來構(gòu)成否定句及疑問句)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(常用的有can, may, must, shall, should等，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后一定要跟動(dòng)詞原形)。

　　1) 動(dòng)詞的基本形式

　　絕大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都有五種基本形式：動(dòng)詞原形、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去式和過去分詞。

　　A. 第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞后要加s或es，其變化規(guī)則與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的方法大體相同：

　　1. 一般情況下只在動(dòng)詞后加s，如work-works, write-writes.

　　2. 以o,s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，后加es，如guess-guesses, mix-mixes,

　　finish-finishes, catch-catches.

　　3. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，改y為i加es，如study-studies.

　　注：不規(guī)則變化的有have-has

　　B. 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成

　　1. 一般情況下在動(dòng)詞后加ing，如study-studying, work-working.

　　2. 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e再加ing，如write-writing,

　　move-moving.

　　3. 以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫末尾一個(gè)輔音字母，再加ing，如get-getting, begin-beginning.

　　4. 以ie結(jié)尾的名詞，一般將ie改為y，再加ing，如lie-lying, die-dying, tie-tying.

　　C. 過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成

　　1. 一般情況直接加ed，如ask-asked, work-worked.

　　2. 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，只加d，如love-loved, dance-danced.

　　3. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，把y變?yōu)閕加ed，如try-tried, study-studied.

　　4. 以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫末尾一個(gè)字母，再加ed，如stop-stopped.

　　練習(xí)：

　　I. 用be 動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

　　1. __________ your father a worker﹖ Yes, he __________.

　　2.They __________ in the classroom.

　　3.Where __________ my books﹖

　　4.These ___________her pears.

　　5.How much _________the T-shirt?

　　6.How much __________ the socks?

　　7.Our mother _________forty last year.

　　8.You can _________ in our school music club.

　　9.Let's ___________friends.

　　10.He and I _________friends.

　　11.Someone __________ in the room.

　　12. There ____ some apples on the table yesterday.

　　II.劃出每句中正確的詞

　　1.(Is/Are)his eraser on the sofa?

　　2.(Where/What)are your baseball?

　　3.(Do/Does)Mary have a clock?

　　4.(Are/Do)they want to see a movie?

　　5.(Is/Can)she play the violin?

　　6.I (don't/ doesn't)like hamburgers.

　　7.Why does Alice (likes/like)music?

　　8.Who (am/is) your father?

　　9.(What/What's) her favorite subject?

　　10.How much (are/is) her socks?

　　11. I (am, is, was, were) busy last week.

　　12. Tom and I (am, are, was, were) late for school yesterday.

　　13. I (walk, walks, walked, walking) to school last Saturday.

　　14. Rose (does not, did not, ) visit her uncle last month.

　　15. There (is, was, are, were) a lot of people over there ten years ago.

　　III.寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去式。

　　如：look - looks - looking- looked

　　drink_________ _________ _________

　　go _________ _________ _________

　　stay _________ _________ _________

　　make _________ _________ _________

　　teach_________ _________ _________

　　ride _________ _________ _________

　　have_________ _________ _________

　　pass_________ _________ _________

　　carry _________ _________ _________

　　come_________ _________ _________

　　watch_________ _________ _________

　　plant_________ _________ _________

　　fly_________ _________ ____________

　　study_________ _________ _________

　　brush_________ _________ _________

　　read_________ _________ _________

　　run _________ _________ _________

　　write_________ _________ _________

　　swim_________ _________ _________

　　get_________ _________ __________

　　say_________ _________ __________

　　take _________ _________ _________

　　see_________ _________ __________

　　begin_________ _________ _________

　　dance_________ _________ _________

　　IV.用所給詞的正確形式填空。

　　1. Let me _______ (help) you find your purse.

　　2. Would you like__________(buy) things for New Year's Day?

　　3. I like __________( make) kites.

　　4. He can________ (skate) better than ME.

　　5. You must _______( listen) to your teacher in class.

　　6. They enjoy________(play) basketball.

　　7. She wants________(watch) cartoons.

　　8. It's time for us ________( read) books.

　　知識(shí)要點(diǎn)

　　2). 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法：

　　1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。

　　2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。

　　3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。

　　4. 有時(shí)這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(句中都帶有時(shí)間狀語)，但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。 如：The meeting begins at seven.會(huì)議7點(diǎn)開始。

　　5.在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。如：

　　If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting.如果你今天下午來，我們將開會(huì)。

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu):

　　1. be動(dòng)詞：主語+be(am ,is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。

　　2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如：We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。

　　當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用的時(shí)間詞：often, usually, sometimes, every day(week, year...)等。

　　練習(xí)：

　　I.用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

　　1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.

　　2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.

　　3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.

　　4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.

　　5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?

　　6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?

　　7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?

　　8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.

　　9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.

　　10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.

　　11. Mike _______(like) cooking.

　　12. They _______(have) the same hobby.

　　13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.

　　14. You always _______(do) your homework well.

　　15. I _______(be) ill. I'm staying in bed.

　　16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.

　　17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.

　　18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.

　　19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.

　　20.-What day _______(be) it today?

　　-It's Saturday

　　II. 改錯(cuò)(劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)

　　1. Is your brother speak English? __________________

　　2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________

　　3. He likes play games after class. __________________

　　4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________

　　5. She don't do her homework on Sundays. _________________

　　知識(shí)要點(diǎn)

　　3). 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：

　　.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)： be+動(dòng)詞ing.

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常見的標(biāo)志詞：now, Look! Listen!

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)還可以表示將來.如:

　　He is flying to Beijing tomorrow.他明天將乘飛機(jī)去北京。

　　練習(xí)：

　　I.用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：

　　1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.

　　2. Listen ! Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .

　　3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.

　　4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?

　　5. Look! They _______________( have) an English lesson .

　　6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.

　　7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .

　　8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.

　　9. It's 5 o'clock now. We _____________(have)supper now

　　10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .

　　11.It's ten o'clock. My mother _____(lie)in bed.

　　12. What ____he _____(mend)?

　　13. We _____(play)games now.

　　14.What ____you____(do) these days?

　　15. ____he ___(clean) the classroom?

　　16. Who____(sing)in the next room?

　　17. The girl____(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She ____(wear)a red sweater today.

　　II.單項(xiàng)選擇

　　( )1.Look! He _____their mother do the housework.

　　A. is helping B. are help C. is help D .is helpping

　　( )2 ._____are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.

　　A .Who B .How C. What D.Where

　　( )3. Don't talk here. My mother _____.

　　A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep

　　( )4. Danny ______. Don't call him.

　　A. is writeing B .is writing C. writing D .writes

　　( )5.-When_____ he_____ back? - Sorry, I don't know.

　　A. does, come B. are ,coming C. is ,come D. is ,coming

　　( )6. The children _____ football.

　　A. is playing 　B. are playing 　C. play the 　D. play a

　　( )7. Listen! She____ in the classroom.

　　A. is singing　B. sing 　C .to sing 　D. is sing

　　( )8. It's six in the afternoon. The Greens_______ lunch together.

　　A. has　 B. are having 　C. have had　D. had had

　　( )9. Some Germans _______(visit) our school.

　　A. is visiting B. are visiting C. visit D visiting

　　( )10. I want to know when he _______ for New York tomorrow.

　　A. has left 　B. is leaving 　C. had left　 D. has been leaving

　　A. is visiting B. are visiting C. visit D visiting

　　( )15.Some Germans _______(visit) our school.

　　知識(shí)要點(diǎn)

　　4). 一般將來時(shí)

　　一般將來時(shí)的用法：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。

　　一般將來時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be going to + do;②will+ do.

　　一般將來時(shí)常用的時(shí)間詞：

　　tomorrow, next week (month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow，in+一段時(shí)間等。

　　練習(xí)：

　　I. 填空。

　　1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

　　I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.

　　I ________ have a picnic with my friends.

　　2. 下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛? 我將去打籃球。

　　What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.

　　What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.

　　3.你們打算什么時(shí)候見面。

　　What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?

　　II. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

　　1.Today is a sunny day. We___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.

　　2. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.

　　3.Tom often______________(go) to school on foot.

　　But today is rainy. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.

　　4.What do you usually do on weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?

　　5.It's Friday today. What _____she_________ (do) this weekend?

　　She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.

　　6. What ________ you______ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.

　　7. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.

　　8. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.

　　9. I ________________ (plan) for my study now

　　知識(shí)要點(diǎn)

　　5). 一般過去時(shí)

　　一般過去時(shí)的用法：間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。一般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

　　1.過去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday.

　　He was a worker two years ago.

　　2.過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.

　　3.談到已故人的情況時(shí)多用過去時(shí)。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用的時(shí)間詞：yesterday或由其構(gòu)成的短語,yesterday morning由"last "構(gòu)成的短語last year

　　由"時(shí)間段+ago"構(gòu)成的短語, e.g. three days ago; 另外在賓語從句中主句為過去時(shí),一般從句也用過去時(shí).

　　練習(xí)：

　　I. 單項(xiàng)選擇。

　　( ).1 She lived there before he ____to China.

　　A. came B. comes C. come D. coming

　　( ).2 I _____but _____ nothing.

　　A . was listened; was hearing B. listened; heard

　　C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of

　　( ).3 When did you ____here?

　　A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach

　　( ).4 I ____my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.

　　A.did B. would do C. was doing D. do

　　( ).5 -He went shopping with you yesterday afternoon, didn't he? - _______.

　　A. No, he doesn't B. Yes, he didn't C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.

　　II. 用所給詞的正確形式填空。

　　1 They____(be) on the farm a moment ago.

　　2 Jenny____(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night.

　　3. I _____(see)Li Lei ____(go) out just now.

　　4 He ____(do)his homework every day. But he __(not do)it yesterday.

　　5 When I was young, I _____(play)games with my friends.

　　6 When ____you_____(write)this book? I _____it last year.

　　7 Did he____(have) lunch at home?

　　8 I _____(eat) the bread before I went to school.