句子成分之補(bǔ)語

補(bǔ)語
補(bǔ)語的作用對(duì)象是主語和賓語,具有鮮明的定語性描寫或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。補(bǔ)語是起補(bǔ)充說明作用的成份。最常見的是賓語補(bǔ)足語。名詞、動(dòng)名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都可以在句子中作賓補(bǔ)。

主語補(bǔ)足語
它用在系動(dòng)詞后，是句子的一個(gè)基本成分。常用主－系－表結(jié)構(gòu)。
1.. -- Who broke the vase? --誰打碎了花瓶？
-- Me. --我。 （me做主語補(bǔ)語= It's me.）

2.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was her. （her做主語補(bǔ)語） 約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗，還真是她。

賓語補(bǔ)足語
1.不定式(to do)
Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。
We believe him to be guilty. 我們相信他是有罪的。
We made him copy the sentence.
He is made to copy the sentence.
I felt my hands tremble.

2.名詞
At the meeting we elected him monitor.
I think your brother a clever boy.

3.形容詞
What you said made Xiao Wang angry.
I found the classroom empty.

4.副詞
Please call the students back at once.
He was seen to take his cap off.

5.現(xiàn)在分詞
We hear him singing in the hall.
I found him lying in bed, sleeping.

6.過去分詞
He saw his face reflected in the water.
I heard it spoken of in the next room.

主語補(bǔ)足語與賓語補(bǔ)足語的聯(lián)系
1、主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的賓語補(bǔ)足語，可以轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語補(bǔ)足語。
They caught the boy stealing. （stealing 作為賓語補(bǔ)足語） 轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語態(tài) The boy was caught stealing. （stealing轉(zhuǎn)化為主語補(bǔ)足語）

2、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語補(bǔ)足語與主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語補(bǔ)足語是密切相關(guān)的。
(1) I saw him playing basketball yesterday.
(2) He was seen playing basketball yesterday.
句（1）中的含義不是我看見他，而是我看見他正在打籃球。playing basketball是賓語him的補(bǔ)足語。所以叫賓語補(bǔ)足語。
句（2）中的含義也不是他被看，而是別人看見他正在打籃球。這里的playing basketball是主語he的補(bǔ)足語，故稱作主語補(bǔ)足語。主語和主語補(bǔ)足語一起稱作復(fù)合主語。所以含有主語補(bǔ)足語的句子一般是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，謂語動(dòng)詞是可以接復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語）的及物動(dòng)詞。句首的主語就是主語補(bǔ)足語的邏輯主語。