2016年公共英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試每日練習(xí)題(4)

　　oceans Claim our Attention

　　We’ve already pushed the world oceans close to -and in some cases, past-their natural limits, according to a recently released report on the state of our oceans by the World Watch Institute.

　　The increasing number of citizen groups, business and governments taking an active interest in slowing down the destruction and pollution of the ocean is encouraging, says senior researcher and author Anne platt Mcginn, citing a host of efforts already under way: 1. Unilever, which controls 20 percent of the whitefish market in Europe and US, has agreed to buy only fish caught and produced in an environmentally sustainable manner. 2. Volunteers in the philippines, Thailand, India, and Ecuador are replanting mangrove areas to repair earlier damage from shrimp farming. 3. In northern Sulawesia, citizens have cleared coral reefs of harmful invasive species. 4. The United States and Canada have each banned oil drilling on large portions of their continental shelves.

　　0n the downside, Safeguarding the Health of oceans says that seven out of ten commercial fish species are fully or overexploited and even worse, many of their spawning grounds have been cleared to make room for shrimp ponds, golf courses and beach resorts. Habitat degradation, resulting from development, agricultural run off, sewage pollution and destructive fishing practices has led to a tripling in the number of poisonous algal species identified by scientists, increasing fish kills, beach closures, and economic losses.

　　The impact on the economy is significant. people obtain an average of 16 percent of their animal protein from fish, and people in developing countries are extremely dependent on reef fisheries for both food and income. Tourism accounts for a large piece of coastlines and medicines are being found in reef ecosystems every day. Even toothpaste and ice cream depend on the gel-forming properties of brown algae.

　　The problems facing the oceans are legion: the marine conversation community is fragmented, bans on destructive activities are routinely ignored, too many regulatory organizations have a development-first mindset and enforcement and oversight are ineffective, if not altogether lacking. oceans need to be protected locally, nationally, and internationally, according to McGinn. Right now, the United Nations General Assembly spends just one day a year covering issues that affect more than half of the planet. The report suggests that a tax of one tenth of one percent on industrial and recreational ocean activities would generate $500 million a year, more than five times and the annual budgets the International Maritime organization and the Fisheries Department of the UN Food and Agriculture organization.

　　However, the most productive areas of the ocean are under national jurisdiction and 80 percent of oceanic pollution originates on land. This means that addressing global marine issues requires strong national and local policies. problems remain far from resolved.

　　1. The word sustainable in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .

　　A. maintainable

　　B. reasonable

　　C. understandable

　　D. respectable

　　2. What’s the probable relationship between mangrove growing and shrimp farming in the philippines?

　　A. The growth of mangroves kept shrimps from reproducing.

　　B. Large areas of mangroves were damaged because of shrimp farming.

　　C. Mangroves helped shrimps grow fast.

　　D. Shrimp farming gave rise to rapid growth of mangroves.

　　3. Which of the following statements is not the result of destructive fishing practices?

　　A. Seventy-percent commercial fish species are over exploited.

　　B. Many of fishes’ spawning grounds have been destroyed.

　　C. Economic losses are on the increase.

　　D. Each country has already taken measures to destructive activities.

　　4. What will happen if an organization takes a development-first attitude in environmental context?

　　A. It will take strong measures to prevent oceans from being further polluted.

　　B. It is going to exploit the oceanic resources first regardless of environmental protection.

　　C. It will not ignore bans on destructive activities.

　　D. It will not place development above other factors.

　　5. We can infer form the passage that .

　　A. problems at the international level continue to be difficult to resolve.

　　B. all countries are going to impose taxes on fishers and tourists.

　　C. the UN General Assembly has made strong policies with regard to oceanic protection.

　　D. the problems facing the oceans have already aroused sufficient attention.

解析：

　　1. A

　　第二段有這樣一段話(huà)：---buy only fish caught and produced in an environmentally sustainable manner.即只購(gòu)買(mǎi)那些環(huán)境上 sustainable 的地區(qū)捕獲和生產(chǎn)的魚(yú)類(lèi)。據(jù)此可以推斷，此處的sustainable 指可持續(xù)發(fā)展的。與之相近的詞是maintainable

　　2. B

　　第二段告訴我們菲律賓的紅樹(shù)生長(zhǎng)與蝦養(yǎng)殖的關(guān)系。文中說(shuō)：志愿者重新種植紅樹(shù)，以修復(fù)早期蝦養(yǎng)殖引起的破壞?？梢?jiàn)，蝦養(yǎng)殖破壞了紅樹(shù)的生長(zhǎng)。

　　3. D

　　從第三段我們可以看出：70%的商業(yè)魚(yú)種被過(guò)分捕撈;許多魚(yú)類(lèi)的產(chǎn)卵地被清理掉，以給蝦池滕出地方;破壞性捕撈還使經(jīng)濟(jì)損失進(jìn)一步增加。所以，A，B，C都是破壞性捕撈行為的結(jié)果。通過(guò)全文，我們可以看到，只有一些國(guó)家采取了措施禁止破壞性捕撈，并不是每個(gè)國(guó)家都采取了措施。

　　4. B

　　文章的第五段指出：那些對(duì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題持有發(fā)展優(yōu)先態(tài)度的組織忽略了禁止破壞性捕撈這一規(guī)定。由此可以推斷，他們將無(wú)視環(huán)境保護(hù)問(wèn)題，把海洋資源的開(kāi)發(fā)放在第一位。

　　5. A

　　這篇文章實(shí)際上要通過(guò)一系列海洋破壞引起的后果給人們敲響環(huán)境保護(hù)的警鐘。 文章在談到環(huán)境保護(hù)的問(wèn)題時(shí)稱(chēng)：這一問(wèn)題還有待解決。由于海洋的多數(shù)富饒區(qū)都處在各個(gè)國(guó)家的管轄內(nèi)，并且80%的海洋污染來(lái)源于陸地，所以我們可以由此推斷：國(guó)際級(jí)的環(huán)境問(wèn)題仍然很難解決。B 在捕魚(yú)和觀(guān)光中征稅還是一個(gè)建議，文章沒(méi)有告訴我們是否有國(guó)家會(huì)采納這一建議。C 聯(lián)合國(guó)某機(jī)構(gòu)一年只花一天時(shí)間討論這一問(wèn)題，可見(jiàn)他們對(duì)海洋保護(hù)不夠重視，文章也沒(méi)有告訴我們聯(lián)合國(guó)是否已經(jīng)采取了有力的措施來(lái)保護(hù)海洋。D 從文章展示給我們的世界各國(guó)的海洋保護(hù)的現(xiàn)狀來(lái)看，海洋問(wèn)題并沒(méi)有引起人們足夠的重視。