2016年公共英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試經(jīng)典語(yǔ)法講解之形容詞和副詞

　　形容詞和副詞

　　A. 形容詞

　　1、 形容詞的用法

　　形容詞是用來(lái)修飾、描繪名詞的，通常在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)，有時(shí)還可作狀語(yǔ)。如：

　　He is honest and hardworking.

　　I found the book interesting.

　　某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類(lèi)人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

　　The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.

　　The English like to be with their families.

　　多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞的順序：

　　冠詞+序數(shù)詞+基數(shù)詞+性質(zhì)狀態(tài)(描述性)+形狀大小+新舊老少+顏色+國(guó)籍+材料+名詞。如：　the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.

　　2、 形容詞比較等級(jí)的形式

　　(1) 規(guī)則形式

　　一般說(shuō)來(lái)，單音節(jié)詞及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在后加-er; --est 來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí);其他雙音節(jié)詞及多音節(jié)詞在前加more, most.如：

　　great-greater-greatest

　　busy-busier-busiest

　　important-more important-(the)most important

　　(2) 不規(guī)則形式

　　good (well)-better-best

　　bad (ill)-worse-worst

　　many (much)-more-most

　　little-less-least

　　(3) 形容詞比較等級(jí)的用法

　?、俦硎緝烧叩谋容^，用形容詞的比較級(jí)+than. 如：

　　He is cleverer than the other boys.

　　This one is more beautiful than that one.

　?、诒硎緝烧咭陨系谋容^，用"the +形容詞最高級(jí)(+名詞)+of(in) …"如：

　　He is the cleverest boy in his class.

　?、郾硎緝烧呤峭瘸潭?，用"as +形容詞原級(jí)+as". 如：

　　He is as tall as I.

　　I have as many books as you.

　?、?越… 越…

　　例如：The more I learn, the happier I am.

　?、?You can never be too careful. 越小心越好

　　又如：You can never praise the teacher too highly.

　　你怎么贊揚(yáng)這個(gè)老師也不過(guò)分。

　?、?I have never spent a more worrying day.

　　那一天是最令我擔(dān)心的一天。

　　I have never had a better dinner.

　　這是我吃過(guò)的最好的一頓飯。

　?、?My English is no better than yours.

　　我的英語(yǔ)和你的英語(yǔ)都不怎么樣。

　　B.副詞

　　1、 副詞的種類(lèi)

　　(1) 時(shí)間副詞 如：ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等

　　(2) 地點(diǎn)副詞 如：here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。

　　(3) 方式副詞 如：carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。

　　(4) 程度副詞 如：almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。

　　2、 副詞比較等級(jí)的用法

　　其用法與形容詞相似，只是副詞最高級(jí)前可省略定冠詞。如：

　　Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.

　　We must work harder.

　　3、 某些副詞在用法上的區(qū)別

　　(1) already, yet, still

　　already表示某事物已經(jīng)發(fā)生，主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事發(fā)生，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句;still表示某事還在進(jìn)行，主要用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句，有時(shí)也可用于否定句。如：

　　We've already watched that film.

　　I haven't finished my homework yet.

　　He still works until late every night.

　　(2) too, as well, also, either

　　too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句，too和as well多用于口語(yǔ)，一般放在句末，而also多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)，一般放在句中與動(dòng)詞連用。either用于否定句和否定的疑問(wèn)句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.

　　He didn't go there either.

　　I like you as well.

　　I also went there.

　　(3) hard, hardly

　　hardly意為"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如：

　　I work hard every day.

　　I can hardly remember that.

　　(4) late, lately

　　lately意為"最近、近來(lái)"，late意為"晚、遲"。如：

　　He never comes late.

　　Have you been to the museum lately?

　　例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____

　　A high enough B tall enough

　　C enough high C enough tall

　　解析：該題正確答案是B。修飾人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞后面。因此該題選B。

　　例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.

　　A When I take more medicine

　　B The more medicine I take

　　C Taking more of the medicine

　　D More medicine taken

　　解析：該題正確答案為B。"the+形容詞比較級(jí)+… , the +形容詞比較級(jí)+…"意為越…，越…。該句意為：吃的藥越多，我的病越是加重。

　　例3"I haven't been to London yet".

　　"I haven't been there ____".

　　A too B also C either D neither

　　解析：該題正確答案為C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意為否定"兩者都不"，而C-either則用于否定句中，意為"也"。

　　例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.

　　A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply

　　解析：該題正確答案為B。A. deep用于副詞時(shí)，修飾具體的深，如dig deep,而B(niǎo)-deeply則修飾表示感情色彩的詞，如該題為deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均為副詞，不能互相修飾。