2012年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類(lèi)C級(jí)考試真題(word版)

第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)
　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

第一篇 Calling for Safe Celebrations

　　Last Fourth of July，Pete，a 14-year-old boy，was enjoying the lit-up skies and loud booms from the fireworks (煙花)being set off in his neighborhood. Suddenly，the evening took a terrible turn. A bottle rocket shot into his eye，immediately causing him terrible pain His family rushed him to the emergency room for treatment. As a result of the injury，Pete developed glaucoma (青光眼)and cataracts (白內(nèi)障)。 Today，Pete has permanent vision loss in his injured eye because of his bottle rocket injury.
　　June is Fireworks Eye Safety Awareness Month，and through its EyeSmart campaign the American Academy of Ophthalmology (眼科學(xué))wants to remind consumers to leave fireworks to professionals (專(zhuān)業(yè)人員)。 “There is nothing worse than a Fourth of July celebration ruined by someone being hit in the eye with a bottle rocket，” said Dr John C. Hagan，clinical correspondent for the Academy and an ophthalmologist at Discover Vision Centers in Kansas City. “A safe celebration means letting trained professionals handle fireworks while you enjoy the show.”
　　According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission，more than 9，000 fireworks-related injuries happen each year. Of these，nearly-half are head-related injuries，with nearly 30 percent of these injuries to the eye. One-fourth of fireworks eye injuries result in permanent vision loss or blindness. Children are the most common victims of firework abuse (傷害)，with those fifteen years old or younger accounting for 50 percent of fireworks eye injuries in the United States. Dr Hagan estimates that his practice sees more than 30 injuries each year from fireworks.
　　Even fireworks that many people consider safe represent a threat to the eyes. For children under the age of five，apparently harmless sparklers (花炮)account for one-third of all fireworks injuries. Sparklers can burn at nearly 2，000 degrees Fahrenheit (華氏)。
　　31 What happened to Pete last Fourth of July?
　　A He was burned in a house fire.
　　B He was hurt in a fight.
　　C He was caught in a heavy rain.
　　D He was hit in the eye
　　32 The American Academy of Ophthalmology calls on consumers to
　　A　stop celebrating the Fourth of July
　　B　celebrate the Fourth of July with fireworks.
　　C　set off fireworks together with trained professionals.
　　D　leave fireworks to professionals in their celebrations.
　　33 How many fireworks eye injuries occur in the US each year?
　　A　About 9000.
　　B　About 4500.
　　C　About 1350.
　　D　About 30.
　　34 Fireworks eye injuries can lead to all of the following EXCEPT
　　A　blindness.
　　B　hand-related injuries.
　　C　permanent vision loss.
　　D　glaucoma and cataracts.
　　35 Which is NOT true of sparklers?
　　A They are harmless to very young children.
　　B They are considered safe by many people.
　　C They are a threat to the eyes.
　　D They can burn at very high degrees Fahrenheit

第二篇 Shopping at Second-hand Clothing Stores

　　When 33-year-old Pete Barth was in college，shopping at second-hand clothing　stores was just something he did - “like changing the tires on his car.” He looked at his budget and decided he could save a lot of money by shopping for clothes at thrift shops.
　　“Even new clothes are fairly disposable (可丟掉的)and wear out after a couple of years，” Barth said. “In thrift shops，you can find some great stuff whose quality is better than new clothes.”
　　Since then，Barth，who works at a Goodwill thrift shop in the US state of Florida，has found that there are all kinds of reasons for shopping for second-hand clothing. Some people，like him，shop to save money. Some shop for a crazy-looking shirt. And some shop as a means of conserving energy and helping the environment.
　　Pat Akins，an accountant at a Florida Salvation Army (SA)(救世軍)thrift shop，said that，for her，shopping at thrift shops is a way to help the environment.
　　“When my daughter was little，we looked at it as recycling，” Akins said. “Also，why pay 30 dollars for a new coat when you can get another one for a lot less?”
　　Akins said that the SA has shops all over the US - “some as big as department　stores.” All of the clothes are donated (捐贈(zèng))，and when they have a surplus (盈余)，they'll have “stuff a bag” specials，where customers can fill a grocery sack With clothes for only 5 or 10 dollars.
　　Julia Slocum，22，points out，however，that the huge amount of second-hand clothing in the US is the result of American wastefulness.
　　I'd say that second-hand stores are the result of our wasteful，materialistic culture，“ said Slocum，who works for a pro-conservation organization，the Center for a New American Dream. ”Thrift shops prevent that waste from going to landfills (垃圾填埋場(chǎng)); they give clothing a second life，provide cheaper clothing for those who can't afford new ones and generate (生成)income for charities. They also provide a way for the wealthy and middle classes to shed (擺脫)some of the guilt for their level of consumption.“
　　36 Which statement about Barth is NOT true?
　　A He is 33 years old now.
　　B He works at a Goodwill thrift shop.
　　C He works at a Salvation Army thrift shop.
　　D He was a college student many years ago
　　37 When Barth was a college student，he often shopped at thrift shops
　　A　to save money.
　　B　to save energy.
　　C　to help the environment.
　　D　to make friends with poor people.
　　38 What does Akins do?
　　A She is a soldier.
　　B She is an accountant
　　C She is a saleswoman.
　　D She is a road sweeper.
　　39 Thrift shops can do everything EXCEPT
　　A　give clothing a second life.
　　B　generate income for charities.
　　C　provide cheaper clothes for the poor
　　D　stop rich people from wasting money
　　40 The word “thrift ”in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by
　　A　charity.
　　B　one dollar.
　　C　first class.
　　D　two dollars.

第三篇 College Night Owls Have Lower Grades

　　College students who are morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls (晚睡的人)，according to University of North Texas researchers.
　　They had 824 undergraduate(大學(xué)本科生的)students complete a health survey that included questions about sleep habits and daytime functioning，and found that students who are morning people had higher grade point averages (GPAs)than those who are night people.
　　“The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding，sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future，along with the research showing that memory is improved by sleep，” study co-author Daniel J. Taylor said in a prepared statement.
　　“Further，these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academic performance by using chronotherapy (時(shí)間療法)to help students retrain their biological clock to become more morning types，“ Taylor said.
　　The research was expected to be presented Monday at SLEEP，the annual meeting　of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies，in Baltimore.
　　In other findings expected to be heard at the meeting，University of Colorado researchers found a significant association .between insomnia (失眠)and a decline in college students' academic performance.
　　The study included 64 psychology，nursing and medical students，average age 27.4 years，who were divided into two groups - low GPAs and high GPAs.
　　Among those with low GPAs，69.7 percent had trouble falling asleep，53.1 percent experienced leg kicks or twitches (痙攣)at night，65.6 percent reported waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep，and 72.7 percent had difficulty concentrating during the day.
　　“In college students，the complaint of difficulty concentrating during the day　continues to have a considerable impact on their ability to succeed in the classroom，” study author Dr James F. Pagel said in a prepared statement. “This study showed that disordered sleep has significant harmful effects on a student's academic performance，including GPAs.”
　　41　In the first study，students who stay up late
　　A　had lower GPAs
　　B　had higher GPAs.
　　C　performed equally well in their studies.
　　D　had little difficulty concentrating during the day
　　42 Mr. Taylor believed that the finding of their study would soon
　　A　be criticized by psychology students.
　　B　be confirmed by psychological studies.
　　C　be included in undergraduate psychology texts.
　　D　become the most popular psychology text.
　　43 The passage indicates that chronotherapy can be used to help people to
　　A　forget their troubles.
　　B　improve their image.
　　C　better their social relationships.
　　D　readjust their biological clock.
　　44 In the second study，students with low GPAs did NOT complain of
　　A　having trouble falling asleep.
　　B　waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep.
　　C　having difficulty concentrating during the day.
　　D　being kicked in the leg at night.
　　45 According to Dr Pagel，the academic performance of a student will be affected
　　A　if he or she is not motivated.
　　B　if he or she is troubled by disordered sleep.
　　C　if he or she is a morning type.
　　D　if he or she is a lazy person.