美國(guó)藥典的管理、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定和顧問機(jī)構(gòu)

USP GOVERNANCE STANDARDS-SETTING, AND ADVISORY BODIES

USP's governing, standards-setting, and advisory bodies include the USP Convention, the Board of Trustees the Council of Experts and its Expert Committees, Advisory Panels, and staff. Additional volunteer bodies include Stakeholder Forums, Project Teams, and Advisory Groups, which act in an advisory capacity to provide input to USP's governing, standards-setting, and management bodies. 2

美國(guó)藥典的管理、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定和顧問機(jī)構(gòu)

美國(guó)藥典的管理、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定和顧問機(jī)構(gòu)包括:美國(guó)藥典大會(huì)、理事委員會(huì)、專家委員會(huì)和專家小組委員會(huì)、顧問小組以及員工。•其他志愿機(jī)構(gòu)包括:股東論壇、項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)、和顧問小組，他們以顧問身份給美藥典的管理、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定和經(jīng)營(yíng)機(jī)構(gòu)提供信息或資金。

USP Convention — USP's direction and priorities are determined by more than 400 Convention members divided into nine categories. Eligible organizations within each membership category are invited to appoint a representative. Convention composition is determined to ensure suitable representation of those sections of the health care system that are influenced by, and in turn influence, USP's activities. Convention members elect USP's President, Treasurer and other members of the Board of Trustees as well as the Council of Experts. They also vote on resolutions to guide USP's scientific policy and public health initiatives and update, as needed, USP's Constitution and By-Laws.

美國(guó)藥典大會(huì)美國(guó)藥典的方針和重點(diǎn)由超過400位的藥典大會(huì)成員來決定，他們分為9個(gè)類別。下屬類別中符合條件的組織被邀請(qǐng)派一個(gè)代表。藥典大會(huì)的組成堅(jiān)決保證衛(wèi)生保健體系中的這些部門適當(dāng)?shù)拇硇裕@些部門受到藥典大會(huì)的影響，反過來也影響藥典大會(huì)的活動(dòng)。藥典大會(huì)成員選舉USP總裁、財(cái)務(wù)主管、其他理事會(huì)和專家委員會(huì)的成員。他們也投票決定指導(dǎo)藥典的科學(xué)決策、公共衛(wèi)生措施，如果必要，也更新藥典的章程和內(nèi)部規(guī)章。

Board of Trustees — USP's Board of Trustees is entrusted with management of the business affairs, finances, and property of USP. During its five-year term, the Board defines USP's strategic direction through its key policy and operational decisions.

理事委員會(huì)藥典的理事委員會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)管理藥典的業(yè)務(wù)、金融和財(cái)產(chǎn)。在五年任期內(nèi)，管理委員會(huì)通過關(guān)鍵決策和可操作性明確美國(guó)藥典的策略方向。

Council of Experts — The Council of Experts is the standards-setting body of USP. It is composed of 57 Expert Committee Chairs elected to five-year terms by USP's Convention members. A Nominating Committee, consisting of the Chair of the Council of Experts, the Convention President, and the Vice Chair of the Nominating Committee for the Council of Experts, nominates individuals who are subsequently elected by the members of the Council of Experts to serve as Expert Committee members. Collectively, the Expert Committee Chairs and members comprise more than 500 volunteers drawn from 50 countries. The 41 Standards Expert Committees are responsible for the content of USP–NF, the Food Chemicals Codex and associated publications and organized in Collaborative Groups for topics of common interest. 專家委員會(huì) 專家委員會(huì)是美國(guó)藥典的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定機(jī)構(gòu)。由藥典大會(huì)選舉出的57名專家主任委員組成，任期五年。由專家委員會(huì)主任委員、藥典大會(huì)總裁以及提名專家委員會(huì)的提名委員會(huì)副主任委員構(gòu)成的提名委員會(huì)推薦候選人，然后由專家委員會(huì)選舉擔(dān)當(dāng)專家委員會(huì)成員。專家委員會(huì)主任委員和成員包含從50個(gè)國(guó)家選擇成立500多個(gè)志愿者。41個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)專家委員會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)《美國(guó)藥典/國(guó)家處方集》、《食品化學(xué)物質(zhì)集》以及相關(guān)出版物的內(nèi)容，并成立多個(gè)協(xié)作小組討論共同關(guān)注的話題。

Advisory Panels to the Council of Experts— The Chair of the Council of Experts may appoint Advisory Panels to assist the Council of Experts in reaching scientific decisions and implementing new USP directives relating to USP–NF. The list of the Advisory Panels changes frequently as the work of Advisory Panels concludes and new ones start their deliberations. There are more than 350 Advisory Panel members who contribute to the standards-setting activities of the Council of Experts. 專家委員會(huì)顧問小紐專家委員會(huì)主任委員可以任命顧問小組幫助專家委員會(huì)做科學(xué)決定、實(shí)施有關(guān)《美國(guó)藥典/國(guó)家處方集》新方針。顧問小組名單隨著顧問小組工作的結(jié)束以及新的顧問小組的審議工作的開始而經(jīng)常改變。有超過350個(gè)顧問小組成員，他們?yōu)閷＜椅瘑T會(huì)制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作出了貢獻(xiàn)

Stakeholder Forums and Project Teams — USP has formed several domestic and international Stakeholder Forums and Project Teams in the 2005–2010 cycle to exchange information and receive comment on USP's standards-setting activities. Depending on the topic, a stakeholder forum may form project teams to work on selected topics. 股東論壇和項(xiàng)目小組美國(guó)藥典在2005?2010期間，在國(guó)內(nèi)外成立了幾個(gè)股東論壇和項(xiàng)目小組來交流信息，收集有關(guān)USP標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建立活動(dòng)的評(píng)論。依據(jù)這些話題，股東論壇就可以成立項(xiàng)目小組研究有關(guān)話題。

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