血液檢查/血常規(guī)

對(duì)于醫(yī)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)是非常有必要的，因?yàn)樵诠ぷ髦袝?huì)涉及到很多國(guó)內(nèi)外的最新醫(yī)學(xué)信息。下面是小編整理的血液檢查/血常規(guī)的資料，希望對(duì)你有所幫助！

血液檢查/血常規(guī)

　　Blood Test, or blood routine as we habitually called, is defined as "a test performed to provide a defined Blood analysis testing for conditions such as anemia, cholesterol, diabetes, various infections, kidney function, calcium levels, liver function, Blood disease, abnormalities in the body, etc." It is one of the most common lab tests in hospitals. These tests are ordered, and the results are used by your physician to pinpoint or to support diagnosis, monitor or determine treatment, or to screen for undiagnosed conditions. So medical personnel should ask the patient for the information before making diagnoses.

　　血液檢查，或我們習(xí)慣所稱的血常規(guī)，是指“通過(guò)血液分析檢查，確定人體貧血、膽固醇、糖尿病、各種感染、腎功能、鈣、肝功能、血液疾病及軀體異常等情況的檢查。它是醫(yī)院最常見的化驗(yàn)內(nèi)容之一。血液檢查應(yīng)由醫(yī)囑指定，醫(yī)生使用檢查結(jié)果明確或支持診斷，監(jiān)督或決定治療手段，并對(duì)未確定的病情作出篩查。

　　Many non-illness related factors may have an impact on your Blood test results. These include such things as the meals eaten or not eaten (fasting) in the 24 hours preceding the test, race, dietetic preference, age, sex, stress, menstrual cycle, physical exercise in the hours before testing, collection and/or handling of the specimen, non-prescription drugs (aspirin, cold medications, vitamins, etc.), prescription drugs, alcohol intake, and the quality of the sleep that you got on the night before the test, among others. form www.med66.com

　　但是，很多非疾病因素也會(huì)影響血液檢查結(jié)果，如檢查前的飲食情況、種族、飲食療法、年齡、性別、工作壓力、經(jīng)期、體育鍛煉、血液標(biāo)本采集及操作方法、非處方藥物使用情況（包括阿斯匹林、感冒藥、維生素等）、處方藥使用情況、飲酒、睡眠等。因此，醫(yī)生在作出診斷前必先向病人了解這些情況。

　　Blood can be tested for many different things. The most common blood tests are: full blood count - checks for anaemia, and other conditions which affect the blood cells, blood chemistry, kidney function, liver function, hormone levels and metabolism, blood glucose (sugar) level, blood clotting tests, tests for inflammation, blood cholesterol level, drug screening, immunology, and blood grouping.

　　血液檢查有多種目的，最常用檢查項(xiàng)目有以下這些：全血細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)（主要是檢查貧血及其他影響血細(xì)胞水平的疾?。?、血液生化、腎功能、肝功能、激素與代謝水平、血糖、凝血、炎癥、膽固醇、藥物濃度、免疫情況、血型。

　　Blood tests results usually include measurements such as CBC, or Complete Blood Count, which normally includes a Red Blood Cell Count (RBC Blood Test), a Hematocrit (the percent of whole Blood that is composed of red Blood cells), Hemoglobin (the iron-containing respiratory pigment in red Blood cells), a White Blood Cell Count (WBC), a Differential Blood Count, (DIFF - an estimate, based on Blood cell counts in a representative sample, of the percentage of white Blood cell types that make up the total white Blood cell count), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV - a test that helps diagnose a cause of an anemia, a Blood Platelet Count, and others. In fact, blood test can yield more than ten or even tens of measurements in modern laboratory test. Please refer to Blood Test Normal Value.

　　血常規(guī)一般應(yīng)包括全血細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)（通常包括紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)）、血細(xì)胞比容（即含紅細(xì)胞血液的百分比）、血紅蛋白測(cè)定（紅細(xì)胞中的含鐵呼吸色素）、血細(xì)胞分類計(jì)數(shù)（根據(jù)代表性樣本的血細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)對(duì)全部白血細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)中白細(xì)胞類型的百分比估計(jì)）、平均紅細(xì)胞容積（診斷貧血原因）、血小板計(jì)數(shù)等。但在現(xiàn)代實(shí)驗(yàn)室中，血常規(guī)檢查一次測(cè)定可得到十幾項(xiàng)至幾十項(xiàng)參數(shù)。具體參數(shù)參見血液檢查正常范圍。

　　The results can reveal various conditions depending on the level of each component of blood. The results are usually examined in terms of abnormally high or low counts since they are intended to help diagnoses. Below are some examples interpreting these results.

　　檢查結(jié)果可以提示不同的疾病，檢查通常是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)這些指數(shù)的過(guò)高或過(guò)低，以幫助診斷。如：

　　1. The Platelet Count

　　1、血小板計(jì)數(shù)（PC）

　　Platelet Count is reported as thousand millions per litre. Platelets are small cells that act as a clotting agent in the blood. High: Abnormally high known as thrombocytosis. Can cause excessive clotting. Often associated with inflammatory disease and leukemia. Low: Abnormally low known as thrombocytopenia. Can cause excessive bleeding or bruising. Associated with many disorders including leukemia, medication use, and conditions such as ITP (immune thrombocytopenic purpura), TTP(thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura), HUS (hemolytic-uremic syndrome), DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation).

　　血小板計(jì)數(shù)的單位是mg/L。血小板是血液中的凝血因子。高于正常為血小板增多癥。可能導(dǎo)致血液過(guò)度凝固，通常與炎癥性疾病和白血球過(guò)多癥有關(guān)。低于正常屬血小板減少，可導(dǎo)致過(guò)度流血或擦傷，通常與白血球過(guò)多、藥物使用有、免疫性血小板減少性紫癲（ITP）、血栓形成性血小板減少性紫癲（TTP）、溶血性尿毒性綜合征（HUS）和彌散性血管內(nèi)凝血（DIC）等有關(guān)。

　　2. Red Cell Count

　　2、紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)（RCC）

　　Red Cell Count is reported in cells per litre of blood. Red cell count is the estimation of the number of red blood cells per litre of blood. High: High levels of RBC are associated with dehydration, congenital heart disease, kidney disease. Low: Anaemia due to blood loss, over-hydration, iron deficiency, bone marrow failure.

　　紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)單位為U/L。它是每單位血液中的紅細(xì)胞數(shù)。紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)高與脫水、先天性心臟病及腎臟疾病有關(guān)。過(guò)低則提示有因失血、水合過(guò)度、缺鐵及骨髓衰竭引起的貧血。

　　3. Hemoglobin

　　3、血紅蛋白

　　Haemoglobin’s normal range: Male: 13-17 (g/dl), Female: 12-16 (g/dl) reported in grams per litre. Haemoglobin is found in the red blood cells and its function is to carry oxygen cells around the body. High: Lung disease. Low: Anaemia.

　　血紅蛋白正常值：男，13－17（g/dl），女，12－16（g/dl）。血紅蛋白存在于紅血球中，其作用是輸送氧氣。過(guò)高提示有肺部疾病，過(guò)低提示有貧血。

　　4. White Cell Count

　　4、白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)

　　White Cell Count is reported in cells per litre of blood. White cell count is the estimation of the total number of white blood cells per litre of blood. High: Infection, tissue damage, leukaemia, inflammation. Low: Bone marrow disorders.

　　白細(xì)胞單位U/L，為每單位血液中的的細(xì)胞數(shù)。過(guò)高提示有感染、組織損壞、白血病，發(fā)炎。過(guò)低提示有骨髓疾病。