自考英語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧六

聽力課堂小編：英譯漢時(shí)，有時(shí)為了通順，往往需要將原文的某一句子成分轉(zhuǎn)譯成另一部分進(jìn)行句子成分的轉(zhuǎn)換：

翻譯時(shí)句子成分的轉(zhuǎn)換：

非主語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯成主語(yǔ)：

定語(yǔ)譯為主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)，是執(zhí)行句子的行為或動(dòng)作的主體，如“我寫字”中的“我”，就是主語(yǔ)，它做出“寫”這個(gè)動(dòng)作。“寫”則是謂語(yǔ)，用來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)，而“字”是接受謂語(yǔ)“寫”這個(gè)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，它因此被稱為賓語(yǔ)，有的語(yǔ)法書也稱它為“客體”或“受體”。

a. If there should be any last-minute change in the sialing time， we‘ll contact you by telephone.開船時(shí)間假如臨時(shí)有更改，我們會(huì)用電話通知你。(狀語(yǔ)譯為主語(yǔ))

b. In many countries， free-port areas or foreign-trade zones have been established， where foreign merchants need not pay tariffs fort their unloaded goods if the goods remain within these areas or zones.許多國(guó)家都建立了自由港和保稅區(qū)，在那里，外國(guó)商人只要是在本區(qū)內(nèi)，未卸船的貨物可以不納稅。

c. The average temperature in summeris as hight as 35C. One can not be pleasant living in that place.夏天的平均溫度高達(dá)攝氏35C，生活在那里不可能舒服。

d. A good many new books were published by the Foreign Language Press last year.外文出版社去年出版了許多新書。

謂語(yǔ)譯為主語(yǔ)e. When a material is stressed byong the elastic limit a permaent deformation results.當(dāng)一種材料的應(yīng)力超過(guò)彈性極限時(shí)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生永久變形。

表語(yǔ)譯為主語(yǔ)f. Television is different from radio in that its sends and receives pictures.電視和無(wú)線電的不同點(diǎn)在于電視能收發(fā)圖象。

賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯成主語(yǔ)g. The wise buyer finds ways to make sure that wrong thinking is not allowed to interfere with careful planning in this purchases.(明智的購(gòu)買者盡量做到購(gòu)買時(shí)不讓錯(cuò)誤的想法干擾。)

His father flew into rage with what he had done.(他的所作所為讓他的父親大為光火。)

被動(dòng) 語(yǔ)態(tài)一般是，主謂語(yǔ)的位子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)需要顛倒，即原來(lái)的主語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)：

h.Drastic action must be taken if they want to reduce traffic accidents and air pollution.(如果他們想減少交通事故和污染，就必須迅速采取措施。)

i. I was totally upset by what he did in the exam.(他考試時(shí)的表現(xiàn)確實(shí)讓我很擔(dān)心。)

j Asia was passed over by the industrial revolution.(工業(yè)革命沒(méi)有光顧亞洲。)

譯成帶“是”的結(jié)構(gòu)：

k. We were moved to tears by the fact that he came to the meeting in spite of his illness.(最讓我感激涕零的是，他帶病堅(jiān)持來(lái)開會(huì)。)

譯成： “由”“把”，“使”等字引導(dǎo)的句子：

l. His mother was dismissed due to the fact that she couldn‘t type fast enough.( 老板把他的媽媽給解雇了，因?yàn)樗蜃植粔蚩臁?

m. She was worried ，because her son had written for a long time.( 她兒子很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)給她寫信了，這可把她給擔(dān)心壞 了。)

n. Wind is caused by air moving between cold and warm region.(風(fēng)是由冷暖地區(qū)流動(dòng)著的空氣引起的。)

非謂語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯成謂語(yǔ)：

The new rule is applicable to foreigners.這一項(xiàng)新規(guī)定適用與外國(guó)人。(表語(yǔ)譯為謂語(yǔ))

There is a need for improvement in your study habits你的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣需要改進(jìn)(主語(yǔ)譯為謂語(yǔ))

非賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯成賓語(yǔ)：

主語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯成賓語(yǔ)

a. After he was elected chairman of the committee， Mr. Smith was found working in the lab early in the morning.(史密斯當(dāng)選以后，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)他一大早就到辦公室工作了。)

b. Much progress has been made in computer science in less than a century. 不到一個(gè)世紀(jì)，計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)取得了很大進(jìn)步。

c. How much risk does internationalizaion contain for national identity?(一個(gè)國(guó)家會(huì)在國(guó)際化中會(huì)有喪失自己的危險(xiǎn)嗎?)

主語(yǔ)譯為賓語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)譯為主語(yǔ)The amounht of energy thus lost can be considerably reduced and the life of the macnine prolonged by careful lubrication. 小心加以潤(rùn)滑能大大地減少這樣所損失的能量并延長(zhǎng)機(jī)器壽命。

狀語(yǔ)譯為賓語(yǔ)Materials to be used for strutural prupose are chosen so as too behave elastically in the environmental condition.結(jié)構(gòu)上用的材料必須選擇得使它們?cè)谥車h(huán)境條件下具有彈性。

非定語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯為定語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)譯為定語(yǔ)a. The service university is characterized by several features： the existence of professional schools， short tailor-made course， contracting of services and funding by contracts.(大學(xué)提供服務(wù)的主要特征有以下幾點(diǎn)：建立職業(yè)學(xué)校、短期培訓(xùn)學(xué)校以及提供服務(wù)與資助之間的合同簽定等。 )

b. The satellite system use this device in varied forms.衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)上的這種裝置有各種不同的形狀。(賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯成定語(yǔ))

c. His speech on the current international economic situation produce the profound influence on research work of that subject.(他的關(guān)于目前國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)形式的講話，對(duì)我們的研究工作產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。

狀語(yǔ)譯為定語(yǔ)

d. In his composition he made few spelling mistakes.他在作文中的拼寫錯(cuò)誤很少。

主語(yǔ)譯為定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)譯為主語(yǔ)The communications system is chiefly characterized by its ease with which it can be maintained.這一通訊系統(tǒng)的主要特征是容易維修。

非狀語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯為狀語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)譯為狀語(yǔ)

a. Don‘t you see it was just in fun ? You got it all wrong.你沒(méi)看出那不過(guò)是開開玩笑嗎?你完全誤解了。

The professor showed her much attention and gave her some private coaching.教授對(duì)她很關(guān)心，給他一些個(gè)別輔導(dǎo)。(定語(yǔ)譯為狀語(yǔ))

主語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯成狀語(yǔ)

b. After that， his youthful indifference to studies and his unwillingness to think of a nonsports career caught up with him.(在那之后，由于他年輕時(shí)候?qū)W(xué)習(xí)毫不關(guān)心，以及不愿意考慮與運(yùn)動(dòng)無(wú)關(guān)的事情，他終于得到了報(bào)應(yīng)。)

定語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯成狀語(yǔ)

c. We need a dialogue which promotes our mutual responsibility to the international community.

(我們需要對(duì)話來(lái)推進(jìn)我們兩國(guó)對(duì)國(guó)際社會(huì)所應(yīng)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。)

d. We need a dialogue that prevents any single issue form holding the entire relationship captive.(我們需要對(duì)話來(lái)防止任何有礙兩國(guó)關(guān)系的事情發(fā)生。)

e. His lack of interest in the project upset his colleagues who were trying every possiblemeans to have it carried out.(他對(duì)該計(jì)劃表露出了不感興趣，這使得他的同事們很擔(dān)心，因?yàn)樗麄冋诒M一切辦法來(lái)履行這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。)

賓語(yǔ)譯成狀語(yǔ)：

f. There is high probability that in the 21st century a good number of universities will excel in service rather than conventional academic research.(在21世紀(jì)，很多大學(xué)極有可能會(huì)在(大學(xué)提供)服務(wù)而不是傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)術(shù)研究方面大顯身手。)

轉(zhuǎn)譯成謂語(yǔ)或者主謂結(jié)構(gòu)：

a. I would like to draw your attention to those sides of introduction of informationtechnologies which can pose new problems for education.( 我想請(qǐng)大家注意的是，介紹信息技術(shù)會(huì)給教育提出一些新的問(wèn)題。)

b. The security and warmth of the destroyer‘s sick bay were wonderful.(驅(qū)逐艦的病房非常安全，同時(shí)，也非常溫暖。)