外國人最想和你聊的文化話題：盧浮宮和埃菲爾鐵塔
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Realize The Louvre and The Eiffel Tower 認識盧浮宮和埃菲爾鐵塔
1 埃菲爾鐵塔簡介The Eiffel Tower, nickname La dame de fer, the iron lady) is a puddle iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris. Built in 1889, it has become both a global icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world. The tower is the tallest building in Paris and the most-visited paid monument in the world; millions of people ascend it every year. Named for its designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel, the tower was built as the entrance arch to the 1889 World's Fair.
The tower stands 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81-storey building. Upon its completion, it surpassed the Washington Monument to assume the title of tallest man-made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years, until the Chrysler Building in New York City was built in 1930; however, due to the addition in 1957 of the antenna, the tower is now taller than the Chrysler Building. Not including broadcast antennas, it is the second-tallest structure in France after the 2004 Millau Viaduct.
The tower has three levels for visitors. Tickets can be purchased to ascend, by stairs or lift, to the first and second levels. The walk to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the walk from the first to the second level. The third and highest level is accessible only by elevator. Both the first and second levels feature restaurants.
The tower has become the most prominent symbol of both Paris and France, often in the establishing shot of films set in the city.
In order to maintain a uniform appearance to an observer on the ground, three separate colours of paint are used on the tower, with the darkest on the bottom and the lightest at the top. On occasion the colour of the paint is changed; the tower is currently painted a shade of brownish-grey. On the first floor there are interactive consoles hosting a poll for the colour to use for a future session of painting.
2 巴黎其他旅游景點的表達方式
l'Arc de Triomphe 巴黎凱旋門
The monument was designed by Jean Chalgrin in 1806, and its iconographic program pitted heroically nude French youths against bearded Germanic warriors in chain mail.
Notre-Dame de Paris 巴黎圣母院
Notre Dame de Paris is widely considered one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture in France and in Europe, and the naturalism of its sculptures and stained glass are in contrast with earlier Romanesque architecture.
Avenue des Champs-Elysees 香榭麗舍大街
The Avenue des Champs-élysées is a prestigious avenue in Paris, France. With its cinemas, cafés, luxury specialty shops and clipped horse-chestnut trees, the Avenue des Champs-élysées is one of the most famous streets in the world.
Chateau de Versailles 凡爾賽宮
When the chateau was built, Versailles was a country village; today, however, it is a suburb of Paris, some twenty kilometres southwest of the French capital.
Palais Bourbon 波旁宮
The Palais Bourbon, a palace located on the left bank of the Seine, across from the Place de la Concorde, Paris (which is on the right bank), is the seat of the French National Assembly, the lower legislative chamber of the French government.
不像倫敦曾經(jīng)被1666年倫敦大火所摧毀，里斯本曾經(jīng)被1755年里斯本地震摧毀，巴黎在自中世紀以來的發(fā)展中，一面保留了過去的印記，甚至是歷史最悠久的某些街道的布局，一面形成了統(tǒng)一的風格，并且實現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代化的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。長期以來，巴黎一直遵守嚴格的城市規(guī)劃，特別是限制建筑物的高度。法蘭西第二帝國的規(guī)劃在許多情況下今天仍然適用。
Paris, City of Light, and of art. A playland for lovers and a painter's dream.
巴黎：光和藝術(shù)之都，戀人們的游地和畫家心中的夢想。
The Louvre：The museum building or, more properly, the complex of buildings themselves is a good place to start.
盧浮宮，這座博物館的建筑，或者更確切地說，這座復合建筑物本身就是一個很好的開始。
As with most Western and a few Asian and South American museums, large palaces or other traditional architecture are used to house museums of art and of natural science. In the case of the Louvre, the main building used today was formerly the fortress of King Philip Augustus in the 12th century.
就像大部分西方和一些亞洲和南美洲的博物館一樣，大型宮殿或其他傳統(tǒng)建筑被用來作為藝術(shù)和自然科學博物館。以盧浮宮來說，現(xiàn)今所用的主要建筑以前是12世紀時菲利浦·奧古斯都國王的堡壘。
Not until 1546 did King Francis I begin to redesign and add onto the fortress.
直到1546年國王弗朗西斯一世才開始重新設(shè)計和擴建該堡壘。
After the French Revolution, the Palais du Louvre was opened to the public.
法國大革命之后，盧浮宮對外開放。
In the early 19th century, both Napoleon and Napoleon III added to both the structures and the collections.
19世紀初期，拿破侖和拿破侖三世都擴建了建筑物并增加其中的收藏品。
A controversial see-through glass pyramid-shaped structure was added by the architect I. M. Pei in the 1980s.
19世紀80年代，建筑家貝聿銘增建了一座備受爭議的透明玻璃金字塔形建筑。
As a consequence of centuries of continuous construction and the amassing of art treasures, today the Louvre offers a world-class collection of both French and foreign art.
由于幾個世紀來不停地增建和搜羅藝術(shù)珍品，今天盧浮宮提供了世界級法國藝術(shù)和國外藝術(shù)兩方面的收藏。
Three of the West's premier works of art are here：the statues Victory of Samothrace and Venus de Milo accompany Leonardo da Vinci's most famous painting, the Mona Lisa.
西方首要藝術(shù)珍品其中有三件便收藏于此處："勝利女神雕像"、"愛神維納斯雕像"以及李奧納多·達·芬奇最有名的畫作"蒙娜莉薩的微笑"。
Other major painting collections include works from the middle ages and Renaissance.
其他重要的繪畫收藏還包括中古世紀和文藝復興時期的作品。
The treasures of the French royalty are on display here, too, such as their bronzes, miniatures, pottery, tapestries, jewelry, and furniture. Greek, Roman, Egyptian, and Mesopotamian antiquities as well as early Christian artifacts are also considered important collections.
法國王室的珍寶也在此地展出，例如他們的銅器，袖珍畫、陶器、掛毯、珠寶和家具等等。希臘、羅馬、埃及和美索不達米亞的古物以及早期基督教手工藝品也都被認為是重要的收藏品。
Finally, the site of the museum complex contributes to the mystique of the Louvre.
最后，這座綜合博物館的位置增添了盧浮宮的神秘氣息。
Taken altogether, then, the Louvre holds its own as one of the best museums - if not the best - among the dozens of major and internationally famous art museums around the world.
整體看來，盧浮宮在全世界幾十個聞名國際的主要藝術(shù)博物館之中，就算不是最好的，也必定是最好的博物館之一。
Its many and varied buildings, the unparalleled collection of prestigious works of art, and the delightful site of the grounds overlooking France's most famous river all contribute to make the Palais du Louvre a must-see attraction for the serious art connoisseur and art museum-goer alike.
它為數(shù)眾多和多樣的建筑，無可比擬的藝術(shù)名作收藏，以及俯瞰法國最著名河流的理想占地位置，使得盧浮宮成為藝術(shù)鑒賞行家和美術(shù)館?？筒蝗蒎e過的觀光點。
Mary：I've just finished reading a magazine article about museums of the world. Which museum do you think is the best?
瑪麗：我剛在雜志上讀到一篇關(guān)于世界博物館的文章，你認為世界上最棒的博物館是哪一個呢？
Wendy：The Louvre in Paris, no contest. I've been there many times and always enjoy it.
溫迪：巴黎的盧浮宮是獨一無二的。我曾去過那里很多次，而且每次都很開心。
Mary：Why do you like the Louvre so much?
瑪麗：你為什么那么喜歡盧浮宮？
Wendy：Well, it's a combination of things, really. It's one of the largest palaces in the world, a former residence of kings of France and one of the most illustrious.
溫迪：哦，原因真的有很多。盧浮宮是世界上最大的宮殿之一，也是法國國王前居所，而且還是最輝煌的地方之一。
Mary：They have a massive selection of art, too. Both ancient and modern.
瑪麗：那里還收藏有大量的藝術(shù)精品，古代的和現(xiàn)代的都有。
Wendy：Exactly. What more can you ask for in a museum? It has Oriental antiquities, Egyptian antiquities, Greek and Roman antiquities, sculpture from the Middle Ages to modern times, furniture and objects of art and paintings representing all the European schools.
溫迪：真是這樣。博物館里的東西應有盡有。那里有來自東方、埃及、希臘以及羅馬的古董文物，有從中世紀到現(xiàn)代的雕刻品、家具和藝術(shù)品，還有歐洲各流派的繪畫作品。
Mary：It's a very old building, too. The first Louvre was a fortress built at the beginning of the 13 century by Philip II to defend the Seine below Paris against the Normans and English.
瑪麗：它也是一座非常古老的建筑。盧浮宮最初是在13世紀由菲利普二世建起的城堡，用來防御巴黎塞納河下游的。
Wendy：Yes and then, in 1564 Catherine de Medicis had her architect, Philibert delorme, build a little chateau in a neighboring field to the west called the Tuileries. These were joined together to make a big royal residence.
溫迪：是的，但后來到了1564年，王后凱瑟琳·德·美第奇讓她的建筑師菲利波特·迪羅門在西邊的鄰近地建了一個小宮殿叫做杜伊勒里宮，這些合在一起就構(gòu)成了一個大型的皇家居所。
Mary：After that, in the 17th century Louis XIII and his minister Richelieu extended Lescot's west wing northward by adding the majestically domed Pavillon del'Horloge, or Clock Pavillion by Jacques Lemercier.
瑪麗：此后，17世紀路易十三和他的大臣科爾波特的圓頂鐘塔，也叫做時鐘長廊，向北擴建了建筑師勒柯修建的西翼，設(shè)計者是雅克雷蒙西式。
Wendy：Then, under Louis XIV and his minister Colbert, the Cour Carree, a great square curt, was constructed by Louis Le Vau.
溫迪：后來，路易十四和他的大臣科爾波特又任命路易勒沃建了一個巨大的方形庭院，即卡利庭。
Mary：So many changes! It must look completely different now to how it looked originally. Later on, Napoleon I began a wing parallel to that of Henry IV along the Seine. Napoleon III finished the wing, thus closing the great quadrilateral.
瑪麗：這么多的改建?。∷F(xiàn)在的樣子肯定跟最初完全不一樣。后來，拿破侖一世開始加建一條長廊，與亨利四世沿塞納河建造的長廊平行。拿破侖三世完成了這一翼的加建，至此盧浮宮四大翼的建筑群體全部完工。
Wendy：The quadrilateral shape is what makes it special. I think one of the most innovative additions was the great glass pyramid.
溫迪：正是這四翼的外形使得盧浮宮獨具一格。我認為其中最富有創(chuàng)意的亮點要數(shù)巨型的玻璃金字塔。
Mary：I agree. It was built by the Chinese-American architect. I.M. Pei and opened in 1989. Initially, some people thought it was very strange idea.
瑪麗：我也這么認為。它是由美籍華人建筑師貝聿銘設(shè)計的，于1989年開放。最初有些人認為這個設(shè)計理念很怪。
Wendy：Well, it has proved to be very effective in accommodating all of the visitors, I think it looks good too.
溫迪：但后來證明這個設(shè)計有效地吸引了各方游客，我也認為它很不錯。
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