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外國人最想和你聊的名人話題:邁克爾·法拉第

所屬教程:常用英語口語

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2018年08月07日

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 About Faraday 關(guān)于法拉第

     Michael Faraday was an English chemist and physicist (or natural philosopher, in the terminology of the time) who contributed to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
     Faraday studied the magnetic field around a conductor carrying a DC electric current. While conducting these studies, Faraday established the basis for the electromagnetic field concept in physics, subsequently enlarged upon by James Maxwell. He similarly discovered electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism, and laws of electrolysis. He established that magnetism could affect rays of light and that there was an underlying relationship between the two phenomena. His inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the foundation of electric motor technology, and it was largely due to his efforts that electricity became viable for use in technology.
     As a chemist, Michael Faraday discovered benzene, investigated the clathrate hydrate of chlorine, invented an early form of the Bunsen burner and the system of oxidation numbers, and popularised terminology such as anode, cathode, electrode, and ion.
     Although Faraday received little formal education and knew little of higher mathematics, such as calculus, he was one of the most influential scientists in history. Historians of science refer to him as the best experimentalist in the history of science. The SI unit of capacitance, the farad, is named after him, as is the Faraday constant, the charge on a mole of electrons (about 96,485 coulombs). Faraday's law of induction states that magnetic flux changing in time creates a proportional electromotive force.
     Faraday was the first and foremost Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution of Great Britain, a life-time position.
     Albert Einstein kept a photograph of Faraday on his study wall alongside pictures of Isaac Newton and James Clerk Maxwell.
     Faraday was highly religious; he was a member of the Sandemanian Church, a Christian sect founded in 1730 that demanded total faith and commitment. Biographers have noted that "a strong sense of the unity of God and nature pervaded Faraday's life and work."
     法拉第的一生是偉大的,法拉第其人又是平凡的,他非常熱心科學(xué)普及工作,在他任皇家研究所實(shí)驗(yàn)室主任后不久,即發(fā)起舉行星期五的晚間討論會(huì)和圣誕節(jié)少年科學(xué)講座。他在100多次星期五晚間討論會(huì)上作過講演,在圣誕節(jié)少年科學(xué)講座上講演達(dá)19年之久,他的科普講座深入淺出,并配以豐富的演示實(shí)驗(yàn),深受歡迎。法拉第還熱心公眾事業(yè),長(zhǎng)期為英國許多公私機(jī)構(gòu)服務(wù)。他為人質(zhì)樸、不善交際、不圖名利、喜歡幫助親友。為了專心從事科學(xué)研究,他放棄了一切有豐厚報(bào)酬的商業(yè)性工作。他在1857年謝絕了皇家學(xué)會(huì)擬選他為會(huì)長(zhǎng)的提名,他甘愿以平民的身份實(shí)現(xiàn)獻(xiàn)身科學(xué)的諾言,終身在皇家學(xué)院實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作一輩子,當(dāng)一個(gè)平凡的邁克爾·法拉第。
     1867年8月25日,平民邁克爾·法拉第在書房安詳?shù)仉x開了人世。一代科學(xué)巨星,在譜寫完他不平凡的人生,給人類留下無價(jià)的寶藏以后與世長(zhǎng)辭。法拉第的貢獻(xiàn)惠及每個(gè)人,把人類文明提高到空前高度,把文明進(jìn)程提前了幾十幾百年。我們不能用金錢衡量其偉績(jī),如果能用金錢衡量的話,有人說將超過全球股票價(jià)值。




     All the generators depend on Faraday's work.
     所有現(xiàn)代的發(fā)電機(jī)均得益于法拉第的成就。
     Electromagnetic flowmeter rely on Faraday's law of induction.
     電磁流量計(jì)是基于法拉第電磁感應(yīng)定律的速度式流量計(jì)。
     Faraday was an English physicist whose discoveries had an enormous influence on the development of mathematics.
     法拉第是英國物理學(xué)家,他的發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)發(fā)展有巨大影響。
     Principle of fluxgate completely conforms to Faraday's law of induction.
     磁通門原理完全服從法拉第電磁感應(yīng)定律。
     One of the first men to work with such reactions was the great English scientist Faraday.
     偉大的英國科學(xué)家法拉第是最先研究這種反應(yīng)的人之一。
     Faraday twice refused to become President of the Royal Society.
     法拉第兩次拒絕成為皇家學(xué)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)。
     Education was another area of service for Faraday.
     教育是法拉第的另一種服務(wù)方式。
     That electrically charged particles reside within atoms had been surmised since the time of Faraday.
     從法拉第的時(shí)代起,人們就已推測(cè)到,在原子內(nèi)存在著帶電的粒子。
     A new method of measuring strong impulse current with Faraday effect was put forward.
     本文提出一種利用法拉第效應(yīng)測(cè)量脈沖大電流的方法。
     Faraday studied the magnetic field around a conductor.
     法拉第研究導(dǎo)體周圍的磁場(chǎng)。
     Faraday received little formal education.
     法拉第幾乎沒有接受正規(guī)的教育。
     As a chemist, Michael Faraday discovered benzene.
     作為一個(gè)化學(xué)家,邁克爾·法拉第發(fā)現(xiàn)了苯。
     Faraday was highly religious.
     法拉第篤信宗教。
     Faraday spent extensive amounts of time on projects.
     法拉第花了很多時(shí)間在項(xiàng)目上。
     Faraday was an excellent experimentalist who conveyed his ideas in clear and simple language.
     法拉第是一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的實(shí)驗(yàn)物理學(xué)家,他用簡(jiǎn)單明了的語言表達(dá)了他的想法。
     In the 1800's the invention of the electric dynamo by Michael Faraday ignited the path for electric generators of the future.
     19世紀(jì),麥克法拉第電動(dòng)機(jī)的發(fā)明為其他發(fā)電機(jī)的發(fā)明照亮了道路。
     Faraday continued publishing his experimental work.
     法拉第繼續(xù)出版他的實(shí)驗(yàn)性成果。
     Faraday's breakthrough came.
     法拉第的突破來臨了。
     Faraday is best known for his work with electricity and magnetism.
     法拉第最出名的是他在電和磁上的成果。
     Michael Faraday is the inventor of the dynamo for producing electrical energy.
     邁克爾·法拉第是產(chǎn)生電能之發(fā)電機(jī)的發(fā)明者。
     Faraday continued his laboratory work.
     法拉第繼續(xù)他的實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作。
     Faraday also was active in what would now be called environmental science.
     法拉第在環(huán)境科學(xué)方面也十分活躍。
     Faraday gave a successful series of lectures on the chemistry and physics.
     法拉第成功地做了一系列關(guān)于化學(xué)和物流學(xué)的講座。
     Faraday rejected a knighthood.
     法拉第拒絕了爵位。
     British physicist and chemist Michael Faraday was born on September 22.
     9月22日,英國物理學(xué)家、化學(xué)家法拉第出生。
     English chemist and physicist Michael Faraday demonstrated the first dynamo.
     英國化學(xué)家、物理學(xué)家邁克爾·法拉第演示世界上的第一個(gè)發(fā)電機(jī)。
     When he was twenty-one he read Michael Faraday's experiments in electricity.
     二十一歲時(shí),他讀到邁克爾·法拉第在電學(xué)方面進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)。
     One of the first men to work with such reactions was the great English scientist Michael Faraday.
     偉大的英國科學(xué)家法拉第是最先研究這種反應(yīng)的人之一。
     Michael Faraday no doubt realized the practical importance of his discoveries but he left the development of the generator and motor to others.
     邁克爾·法拉第無疑意識(shí)到了他發(fā)現(xiàn)的在實(shí)際中的重要性,但是他卻把發(fā)電機(jī)及電動(dòng)機(jī)的研制留給了其他人。
     The idea of transmitting power wirelessly has been around since the 1830s when Michael Faraday introduced his celebrated law of induction.
     無線電能傳輸理論形成于1830年左右,其時(shí)邁克爾·法拉第將著名的電磁感應(yīng)定律引入物理學(xué)。
     The Royal Institution Christmas Lectures for Children Michael Faraday in 1825, with himself as the inaugural lecturer.
     1825年,邁克爾·法拉第發(fā)起面向孩子的英國皇家學(xué)院圣誕講座,他自己就任講師。




     Mike:Who invented generators?
     麥克:誰發(fā)明了電動(dòng)機(jī)?
     Daisy: I remember it is Faraday.
     黛西:我記得是法拉第。
     Mike: That's right.
     麥克:對(duì)了。
     Daisy: Why do you ask it?
     黛西:為什么問起這個(gè)?
     Mike: My little sister asked me this today, and I can't remember.
     麥克:我的小妹妹今天問我這個(gè),我記不起來了。
     Daisy: I remember being taught about him in the Physics class.
     黛西:我記得在物理課上學(xué)過他。
     Mike: Yes, and we did experiments of generators.
     麥克:是的,而且我們做了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的實(shí)驗(yàn)。
     Daisy: I remember that, and it was very interesting.
     黛西:我也記得了,實(shí)驗(yàn)非常有趣。
     Mike: Faraday is so clever.
     麥克:法拉第實(shí)在是太聰明了。
     Daisy: The generators he inventoried promote the development of human beings.
     黛西:他發(fā)明的電動(dòng)機(jī)推動(dòng)了人類的發(fā)展。
     Mike: I'm never good at Physics, I find it very hard.
     麥克:我物理一向都不好,我覺得太難了。
     Daisy: So was I.
     黛西:我也是。
     Mike: But my sister is very interested in Physics, maybe she will be a physicist some day.
     麥克:但是我妹妹對(duì)物理非常感興趣,也許她某天會(huì)成為物理學(xué)家。
     Daisy: That would be great.
     黛西:那就太好了。
    

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