外國人最想和你聊的名人話題：弗蘭西斯·培根

About Bacon關(guān)于培根

     Francis Bacon was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist, author and pioneer of the scientific method. He served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England. Although his political career ended in disgrace, he remained extremely influential through his works, especially as philosophical advocate and practitioner of the scientific method during the scientific revolution.
     Bacon has been called the father of empiricism. His works established and popularized inductive methodologies for scientific inquiry, often called the Baconian method, or simply the scientific method. His demand for a planned procedure of investigating all things natural marked a new turn in the rhetorical and theoretical framework for science, much of which still surrounds conceptions of proper methodology today. His dedication probably led to his death, bringing him into a rare historical group of scientists who were killed by their own experiments.
     Bacon was knighted in 1603, and created both the Baron Verulam in 1618, and the Viscount St Alban in 1621; as he died without heirs both peerages became extinct upon his death. He famously died of pneumonia contracted while studying the effects of freezing on the preservation of meat.
     培根尖銳地批判了中世紀經(jīng)院哲學，認為經(jīng)院哲學和神學嚴重地阻礙了科學的進步，主張要全面改造人類的知識，使整個學術(shù)文化從經(jīng)院哲學中解放出來，實現(xiàn)偉大的復(fù)興。他認為，科學必須追求自然界事物的原因和規(guī)律。要達到這個目的，就必須以感官經(jīng)驗為依據(jù)。他提出了唯物主義經(jīng)驗論的原則，認為知識和觀念起源于感性世界，感覺經(jīng)驗是一切知識的源泉。要獲得自然的科學知識，就必須把認識建筑在感覺經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上。他還提出了經(jīng)驗歸納法，主張以實驗和觀察材料為基礎(chǔ)，經(jīng)過分析、比較、選擇、排除，最后得出正確的結(jié)論。
     培根一生在學問上成就很大，然而作為政客他飽嘗了仕途艱辛。做女王掌璽大臣的父親去世后，他一直未得到女王的重用。直到詹姆斯一世當政，他才逐漸得到升遷，先后擔任過法院院長、檢察長、掌璽大臣等，還被封男爵、子爵等貴族尊號。然而，后來他又被免除了一切官職。成為平民之后，培根將全部的精力投入到學問研究中，他最終成為中世紀英國著名的唯物主義哲學創(chuàng)始者。1626年4月培根離開了人世。
Part 2 Key words ＆amp; Sentences關(guān)鍵詞句全知道
     Bacon dedicated to the King a paper.
     培根向國王遞呈了一份奏章。
     "A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds." Francis Bacon.
     智者創(chuàng)造比發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的機會。--培根
     Francis Bacon considers the evils of excess study: laziness, affectation and preciosity.
     弗蘭西斯·培根認為學習上的三大敵人是懶惰，虛偽和造作。
     Benedict traces relativism back to 16th-century English philosopher Francis Bacon and his godless idea of "faith in progress".
     本尼迪克認為相對主義源于16世紀英國哲學家培根和他"進步中的信仰"的無神主義思想。
     Francis Bacon advocated the use of scientific method and RenéDescartes (1596-1650) proposed a critical rationalism.
     弗蘭西斯·培根倡導(dǎo)科學方法的運用，勒內(nèi)·笛卡爾提出一種批判的理性主義。
     Following the English empiricist Francis Bacon, Popper as a critical rationalist who first studied the problem and made it profound.
     批判理性主義者波普爾是繼近代英國經(jīng)驗論者弗蘭西斯·培根之后第一個對此問題作深入探討的現(xiàn)代哲學家。
     The Freud was part of a sale of post-war and contemporary art which included works by Francis Bacon and Andy Warhol and had a total value of almost NT$4.9 billion.
     弗洛伊德的這幅肖像畫只是"戰(zhàn)后及當代藝術(shù)"類拍賣品之一，包括弗蘭西斯·培根與安迪·沃荷的作品在內(nèi)，拍賣總成交價逼近新臺幣四十九億元。
     "Knowledge is power", a slogan by Francis Bacon of 400 years ago has turned into reality. Knowledge has become the main motive force and source of the global economic development.
     "知識就是力量"，400年前培根的名言在今天成為事實，知識已經(jīng)成為當今推動全球經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的主要動力和源泉。
     Cambridge has been producing so many great scientists and thinkers Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Francis Bacon, and made important contribution to the progress of human civilization.
     劍橋舉世聞名，培養(yǎng)出牛頓、達爾文、培根等許多杰出的科學家、思想家，為人類文明進步作出了重要貢獻。
     Francis Bacon maintained that the three most important inventions were gunpowder, the magnetic compass and printing.
     弗蘭西斯·培根強調(diào)說三項最重要的發(fā)明是火藥、羅盤和印刷術(shù)。
Part 3 Let's Talk！開始交流吧！
     Mike: I don't want to study, I want to play.
     麥克：我不想學了，我想出去玩。
     Daisy: But you have been studying for only one hour.
     黛西：但你只學了一個小時而已。
     Mike: I don't know whether it is useful.
     麥克：我不知道學這個是否有用。
     Daisy: Have you not heard what Bacon said knowledge is power?
     黛西：你沒聽過培根說知識就是力量嗎？
     Mike: I highly doubt that, the wealthiest man in the world Bill Gate is a college dropout.
     麥克：我很懷疑，世界上最富有的人比爾·蓋茨是個輟學學生。
     Daisy: He has learned knowledge in other ways.
     黛西：他通過其他方式學習了知識。
     Mike: Speaking of Francis Bacon, I heard he is sly.
     麥克：說起培根，我聽說他很奸詐。
     Daisy: He is, but he is very intelligent and successful.
     黛西：確實是，但他也非常聰明，而且成功。
     Mike: I don't know whether he should be respected.
     麥克：我不知道是不是應(yīng)該尊敬他。
     Daisy: As a scholar some of his words are proved to be right.
     黛西：作為一個學者，他很多的說法都是對的。
     Mike: Ok, I'll read for another hour.
     麥克：好的，我再看一個小時。
     Daisy: You are a good student.
     黛西：你真是個好學生。