專四應試技巧（寫作篇5：修辭技巧（上））
修辭技巧(上)
修辭，即調整、修飾文字詞句，是寫作、說話的一門藝術，對寫作者的語言掌握有較高的要求。
以前有個童話，國王問公主：“我在你心目中像什么?”公主回答：“敬愛的父王，您在我心目中就像鹽一樣。”國王勃然大怒，把公主趕出了他的國家。故事的經過我忘記了，總之最后，公主用一頓不加鹽的菜肴終于使國王懂得，看似微不足道的鹽，在我們的生活中扮演的卻是多么重要的角色。
修辭就像鹽：用得好，會使文章有滋有味;一旦缺乏，語言就會平淡乏味，缺少美感。調味恰當，青菜豆腐都是天下美味咯!
常見的修辭手段有如下幾種：
A. 明喻(Simile)
—— Only the chiming of sleigh-bells, beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of children. (Henry W. Longfellow)
B. 暗喻(Metaphor)
—— Spring, the sweet Spring, is the years’s pleasant king.(Thomas Nash)
C. 擬人(Personification)
—— But the pine is trained to need nothing and endure everything. It is resolvedly whole, self-contained, desiring nothing but rightness, content with restricted completion. (John Ruskin)
D. 夸張(Exaggeration)
—— Hamlet: I love Ophelia, forty thousand brothers could not, with all their quantity of love, make up my sum. (Shakespare)
E. 借代(Metonymy)
—— Have you ever read Shakespeare?
練習：
請為以上介紹的修辭方法各找一句相應的句子，可以是你自己寫的，可以是某句歌詞、某句臺詞，也可以是你所看過的某本書中的一句，甚至是諺語。
A. 明喻(Simile)
Far out in the ocean, where the water is as blue as the prettiest cornflower, and as clear as crystal.
在那遙遠的海洋，那兒的海水藍得像最美麗的矢車菊花瓣，清澈得猶如水晶一般。
B. 暗喻(Metaphor)
"But he is not a man-- he is a mushroom!"
"他簡直不象是個人，他是個蘑菇。"
C. 擬人(Personification)
The white moon heard it, and she forgot the dawn, and lingered on in the sky. 明月聽著歌聲，竟然忘記了黎明，只顧在天空中徘徊。
D. 夸張(Exaggeration)
He thought two of his ribs might already have cracked from trying not to laugh.
他因為要憋住不笑已經憋到兩根脅骨都快斷掉了。
E. 借代(Metonymy)
You can come in, but your filter-tipped little buddy has to stay outside!
你可以進來，不過你那個帶過濾嘴的小伙伴得待外面。
