備考技巧:雅思聽(tīng)力關(guān)鍵詞的定于結(jié)構(gòu)分析
很多考生都抱怨說(shuō)雅思聽(tīng)力考試的語(yǔ)速太快，自己根本來(lái)不及反應(yīng)。但其實(shí)，雅思聽(tīng)力是可以“捕捉”關(guān)鍵詞的，但是雅思聽(tīng)力中的難點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵詞后置，是聽(tīng)力中除開(kāi)同意轉(zhuǎn)換和干擾項(xiàng)以外的另一大難點(diǎn)，下面我們就來(lái)談?wù)勥@個(gè)問(wèn)題。
雅思聽(tīng)力中的關(guān)鍵詞后置
1. 前置定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
前置定語(yǔ)在考題中出現(xiàn)的形式為“n. ______” 和 “adj. _______”, 即在填空前出現(xiàn)名詞或形容詞的關(guān)鍵詞。在錄音中則經(jīng)常通過(guò)修辭結(jié)構(gòu)和句子結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，將關(guān)鍵詞后置。
例：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 3 Question 21
--Read IT ___________.
錄音：look through catalogues specialised in IT.
解析：通過(guò)修辭結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，把名詞前置定語(yǔ)變成分詞后置定語(yǔ)，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。
2.后置定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
后置定語(yǔ)在考題中出現(xiàn)的形式為“n. prep. ______” 和 “n. p. _______”, 即在填空前出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞如“名詞-介詞(如of, for, about, in, on, etc.)”或“名詞-分詞”。
在錄音中則經(jīng)常通過(guò)修辭結(jié)構(gòu)和句子結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，將名詞關(guān)鍵詞后置。
例：Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 2 Question 15
--Will explain about arrangement for ______________ and fire exits.
錄音：He will also go through the security arrangement with you and show you the fire exits.
解析：通過(guò)修辭結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，把介詞短語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)變成名詞前置定語(yǔ)，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。
小結(jié)：
1和2類(lèi)關(guān)鍵詞后置通常出現(xiàn)于Section2-4的大表格填空中。考生須要在讀題時(shí)事先判斷易出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞后置的題目，并且對(duì)答案進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè);而后在聽(tīng)題時(shí)利用預(yù)測(cè)捕捉答案，后置的關(guān)鍵詞起確認(rèn)答案的作用。因此我建議考生在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中要熟悉聽(tīng)力題目中常見(jiàn)的容易出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞后置的結(jié)構(gòu)，培養(yǎng)視覺(jué)敏感度;并且熟練掌握語(yǔ)法上定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換。
3. 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)
主謂賓在考題中出現(xiàn)的形式為“subj. pred. __________”, 即在填空前出現(xiàn)名詞(主語(yǔ))和動(dòng)詞(謂語(yǔ))的關(guān)鍵詞。在錄音中則經(jīng)常通過(guò)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)位置的調(diào)換，以及謂語(yǔ)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，或者其它句式變化，將名詞關(guān)鍵詞后置。
例1：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 2 Question 11 & 12
--Local services depart from _____________ railway station.
--National services depart from _____________ railway station.
錄音：F: We’ve got two main train stations in the town. The King Street is for local commute lines and regional services.
M: What about trains to London? I’ll need to go there on business for one day.
F: Then you need to go to central station, that’s for all the national services.
解析：Q11通過(guò)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)的位置調(diào)換，Q12通過(guò)句型轉(zhuǎn)換，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。
例2：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 2 Question 14
--The price of a first class ticket includes ____________.
錄音：There’s a buffet car, though refreshments are included in the cost of a first class ticket.
解析：通過(guò)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)的位置調(diào)換，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置，伴隨price-cost的同意轉(zhuǎn)換。
例3：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 4 Question 38
--The first motion picture was called The__________________.
錄音：So now, there was a real possibility of having films of more than two or three minutes, and this lead to the making of The Great Train Robbery, the very first movie made.
解析：通過(guò)句型轉(zhuǎn)換，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置，伴隨motion picture-movie的同意轉(zhuǎn)換。
4. 從句結(jié)構(gòu)
從句在考題中出現(xiàn)的形式為“……. conj. ________”, 即在填空前出現(xiàn)從句連接詞(如when, where, because, as, if, etc.)。
在錄音中則通過(guò)調(diào)換連接詞前后分句的次序，將填空前的關(guān)鍵詞后置。
例1：Cambridge 5 Test 1 Section 4 Question 36 & 37
--Research indicates that many women only think about their financial future when a ________ occurs.
--It is best for women to start thinking about pensions when they are in their _______.
錄音：The research indicates that at present for women it takes a crisis to make them think about their future financial situation. But of course this is the very worst time for anyone to make any important decisions. Women today need to look ahead, think ahead, not wait until they’re under pressure. Even women in their early twenties, need to think about pensions for example.
解析：通過(guò)調(diào)換從句中兩個(gè)分句的位置，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。
例2：Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 4 Question 40
--In ancient India a man would fight a lion as a test of _____________.
錄音：In ancient India, one of the greatest tests of leadership for a man was to fight a lion.
解析：通過(guò)調(diào)換從句中兩個(gè)分句的位置，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。
雅思聽(tīng)力中的關(guān)鍵詞后置
1. 前置定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
前置定語(yǔ)在考題中出現(xiàn)的形式為“n. ______” 和 “adj. _______”, 即在填空前出現(xiàn)名詞或形容詞的關(guān)鍵詞。在錄音中則經(jīng)常通過(guò)修辭結(jié)構(gòu)和句子結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，將關(guān)鍵詞后置。
例：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 3 Question 21
--Read IT ___________.
錄音：look through catalogues specialised in IT.
解析：通過(guò)修辭結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，把名詞前置定語(yǔ)變成分詞后置定語(yǔ)，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。
2.后置定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
后置定語(yǔ)在考題中出現(xiàn)的形式為“n. prep. ______” 和 “n. p. _______”, 即在填空前出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞如“名詞-介詞(如of, for, about, in, on, etc.)”或“名詞-分詞”。
在錄音中則經(jīng)常通過(guò)修辭結(jié)構(gòu)和句子結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，將名詞關(guān)鍵詞后置。
例：Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 2 Question 15
--Will explain about arrangement for ______________ and fire exits.
錄音：He will also go through the security arrangement with you and show you the fire exits.
解析：通過(guò)修辭結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，把介詞短語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)變成名詞前置定語(yǔ)，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。
小結(jié)：
1和2類(lèi)關(guān)鍵詞后置通常出現(xiàn)于Section2-4的大表格填空中。考生須要在讀題時(shí)事先判斷易出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞后置的題目，并且對(duì)答案進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè);而后在聽(tīng)題時(shí)利用預(yù)測(cè)捕捉答案，后置的關(guān)鍵詞起確認(rèn)答案的作用。因此我建議考生在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中要熟悉聽(tīng)力題目中常見(jiàn)的容易出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞后置的結(jié)構(gòu)，培養(yǎng)視覺(jué)敏感度;并且熟練掌握語(yǔ)法上定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換。
3. 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)
主謂賓在考題中出現(xiàn)的形式為“subj. pred. __________”, 即在填空前出現(xiàn)名詞(主語(yǔ))和動(dòng)詞(謂語(yǔ))的關(guān)鍵詞。在錄音中則經(jīng)常通過(guò)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)位置的調(diào)換，以及謂語(yǔ)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，或者其它句式變化，將名詞關(guān)鍵詞后置。
例1：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 2 Question 11 & 12
--Local services depart from _____________ railway station.
--National services depart from _____________ railway station.
錄音：F: We’ve got two main train stations in the town. The King Street is for local commute lines and regional services.
M: What about trains to London? I’ll need to go there on business for one day.
F: Then you need to go to central station, that’s for all the national services.
解析：Q11通過(guò)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)的位置調(diào)換，Q12通過(guò)句型轉(zhuǎn)換，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。
例2：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 2 Question 14
--The price of a first class ticket includes ____________.
錄音：There’s a buffet car, though refreshments are included in the cost of a first class ticket.
解析：通過(guò)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)的位置調(diào)換，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置，伴隨price-cost的同意轉(zhuǎn)換。
例3：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 4 Question 38
--The first motion picture was called The__________________.
錄音：So now, there was a real possibility of having films of more than two or three minutes, and this lead to the making of The Great Train Robbery, the very first movie made.
解析：通過(guò)句型轉(zhuǎn)換，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置，伴隨motion picture-movie的同意轉(zhuǎn)換。
4. 從句結(jié)構(gòu)
從句在考題中出現(xiàn)的形式為“……. conj. ________”, 即在填空前出現(xiàn)從句連接詞(如when, where, because, as, if, etc.)。
在錄音中則通過(guò)調(diào)換連接詞前后分句的次序，將填空前的關(guān)鍵詞后置。
例1：Cambridge 5 Test 1 Section 4 Question 36 & 37
--Research indicates that many women only think about their financial future when a ________ occurs.
--It is best for women to start thinking about pensions when they are in their _______.
錄音：The research indicates that at present for women it takes a crisis to make them think about their future financial situation. But of course this is the very worst time for anyone to make any important decisions. Women today need to look ahead, think ahead, not wait until they’re under pressure. Even women in their early twenties, need to think about pensions for example.
解析：通過(guò)調(diào)換從句中兩個(gè)分句的位置，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。
例2：Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 4 Question 40
--In ancient India a man would fight a lion as a test of _____________.
錄音：In ancient India, one of the greatest tests of leadership for a man was to fight a lion.
解析：通過(guò)調(diào)換從句中兩個(gè)分句的位置，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。
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