劍橋雅思閱讀題型分類練習解析：摘要選詞題2

　　[C6T1P2-P25]

　　23. Modern cargo-handling methods have had asignificant effect on 23____as the business of moving freight around the worldbecomes increasingly streamlined.

　　答案：G trade

　　原文：Thanks to technological advances such aslightweight components, manufactured goods themselves have tended to becomelighter and less bulky. As a result, less transportation is required for everydollar's worth of imports or exports ; To see how this influences trade,consider the business of making disk drives for computers.

　　同義替換：have had a significant effect on = influences

　　24. Manufacturers of computers, for instance,are able to import 24____from overseas, rather than having to rely on a localsupplier.

　　答案：B components

　　原文：Computer manufactures in Japan or Texas willnot face hugely bigger freight bills if they import drives from Singaporerather than purchasing them on the domestic market.

　　同義替換：local supplier = domestic market ; components= drives

　　25. The introduction of 25____has meant thatbulk cargo can be safely and efficiently moved over long distances.

　　答案：C container ships

　　原文：But, behind the scenes, a series of technological innovations knownbroadly as containerization and intermodal transportation has led to swiftproductivity improvements in cargo-handing.

　　同義替換：can be safely and efficiently moved = swiftproductivity improvements in cargo-handing ; container ships = containerizationand intermodal transportation

　　26. While international shipping is nowefficient, there is still a need for governments to reduce 26____in order tofree up the domestic cargo sector.

　　答案：A tariffs

　　原文：The shipping container transformed oceanshipping into a highly efficient, intensely competitive business. But gettingthe cargo to and from me dock was a different story. ; National governments, byand large, kept a much firmer hand on truck and railroad tariffs than oncharges for ocean freight.

　　同義替換：there is still a need = But getting the cargoto and from me dock was a different story

　　[C6T2P2-P46]

　　Research carried out by scientists in theUnited States has shown that the proportion of people over 65 suffering fromthe most common age-related medical problems is 14____and that the speed ofthis change is 15____

　　14.答案：B falling

　　原文：Researchers, now analysing the results ofdata gathered in 1994, say arthritis, high blood pressure and circulationproblems - the major medical complaints in this age group - are troubling asmaller proportion every year.

　　同義替換：age-related medical problems = arthritis,high blood pressure and circulation problems , medical complaints ; common = major ; falling = smaller

　　15.答案：I increasing

　　原文：And the data confirms that the rate at whichthese diseases are declining continues to accelerate.

　　同義替換：speed = the rate ; this change = thesediseases are declining ; increasing = accelerate

　　16. It also seems that these diseases areaffecting people 16 ____ in life than they did in the past.

　　答案：F later

　　原文：He says the problems doctors accepted as normal in a 65-year-old in1982 are often not appearing until people are 70 or 75.

　　同義替換：affecting = appearing ; later in life =65-year-old, 70 or 75 ; in the past =1982

　　This is largely due to developments in 17____butother factors such as improved 18____may also be playing a part. Increases insome other illnesses may be due to changes in personal habits and to 19____

　　17.答案：M medicine

　　原文：Clearly, certain diseases are beating aretreat in the face of medical advances.

　　同義替換：developments in medicine = medical advances

　　18.答案：J nutrition

　　原文：But there may be other contributing factorsImprovements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentiethcentury

　　同義替換：improved = Improvements in ; playing a part =contributing

　　19.答案：N pollution

　　原文：An increase in some cancers and bronchitis may reflect changing smokinghabits and poorer air quality, say the researchers. 'These may be subtleinfluences’ says Manton, 'but our subjects have been exposed to worse and worsepollution for over 60 years. It's not surprising we see some effect.'

　　同義替換：other illnesses = cancers and bronchitis ;due to = reflect ; personal habits = smoking habits

　　20. The research establishes a link betweenlevels of 20____ and life expectancy

　　答案：K education

　　原文：One interesting correlation Manton uncoveredis that better educated people are likely to live longer.

　　同義替換：link = correlation ; education and lifeexpectancy = better educated people are likely to live longer ; life expectancy= live

　　It also shows that there has been aconsiderable reduction in the number of elderly people who are 21____whichmeans that the 22____ involved in supporting this section of the population maybe less than previously predicted.

　　21.答案：G disabled

　　原文：That represents a significant drop in the numberof disabled old people in population.

　　同義替換：considerable = significant ; reduction = drop; elderly people who are disabled = disabled old people

　　22.答案：A cost

　　原文：According to Manton, slowing the trend hassaved the United States government's Medicare system more than $200 billion,suggesting that the greying of America's population may prove less of afinancial burden than expected.

　　同義替換：the cost = a financial burden ; previouslypredicted = expected

　　[C6T4P2-P91]

　　14. The Nicaraguan National Literacy Crusadeaimed to teach large numbers of illiterate 14____to read and write.

　　答案：B men and women

　　原文： By 1985,about 300.000 illiterate adults fromall over the country, many of whom had never attended primary school, hadlearnt now to read, write and use numbers

　　同義替換：large numbers of = many ; illiterate = whomhad never attended primary school ; men and women = adults

　　15. Public health experts have known for manyyears that there is a connection between child health and 15____

　　答案：F maternal literacy

　　原文：The investigators' findings were striking. Inthe late 1970s, the infant mortality rate for the children of illiteratemothers was around 110 deaths per thousand live births. At this point in theirlives, those mothers who later went on to learn to read had a similar level ofchild mortality (105/1000). For women educated in primary school, however, theinfant mortality rate was significantly lower, at 80 per thousand.

　　同義替換：child health = infant mortality rate for thechildren ,child mortality ; maternalliteracy = illiterate mothers, mothers who later went on to learn to read ,women educated in primary school

　　16. This question has been investigated by16____

　　答案：C an international research team

　　原文：During this period, researchers from theLiverpool School of Tropical Medicine, the Central American Institute of Healthin Nicaragua, the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua and the CostaRican Institute of Health interviewed nearly 3.000 women

　　同義替換：investigated = interviewed

　　As a result, factors such as 17____andattitudes to children have been eliminated, and it has been shown that 18____canin itself improve infant health and survival.

　　17. 答案：J family wealth

　　原文：Most literate women learnt to read in primaryschool, and the fact that a woman has had an education may simply indicate herfamily's wealth or that it values its children more highly. Now a long termstudy carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors.

　　同義替換：attitudes to children = it values itschildren more highly ; factors…. have been eliminated = has eliminated thesefactors

　　18.答案：F maternal literacy

　　原文：Now a long term study carried out inNicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to pooradult women, who would otherwise have remained illiterate, has a direct effecton their children's health and survival.

　　同義替換：maternal literacy = teaching reading to pooradult women ; improve = has a direct effect on ; infant = children