雅思閱讀：如何化解內(nèi)心的抵觸情緒

　　01

　　都說(shuō)興趣是最好的老師，遺憾的是，不是所有人都能隨心所欲地只接觸自己感興趣的領(lǐng)域，我們總是免不了要面對(duì)一些自己并不怎么感興趣的事情。那么，怎樣專注于自己不感興趣的領(lǐng)域呢?

　　身為典型的“數(shù)學(xué)恐懼癥患者”(prototypical mathphobe，注：phobe是名詞，意思是“恐懼”)卻最終成為一名工程學(xué)教授的作者給了我們一些思路。

　　原文

　　The young version of me would have been shocked to learn that I would eventually become a professor of engineering, enchanted with mathematics and comfortable in the world of technology. As I’ve discovered from both personal experience and research, it is possible to learn to like — even to grow to love — subject areas that look boring or that you once loathed. In today’s fast-changing business environment, the ability to develop new passions is particularly important.

　　年輕時(shí)的我如果知道自己最終會(huì)成為一名工程學(xué)教授，癡迷數(shù)學(xué)，在科技世界里如魚(yú)得水，一定會(huì)很吃驚。正如我從自己的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷和研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣，我們完全可能學(xué)會(huì)去喜歡——甚至慢慢愛(ài)上---那些看起來(lái)很無(wú)聊或是你曾經(jīng)痛恨的領(lǐng)域。在今天這個(gè)瞬息萬(wàn)變的商業(yè)環(huán)境下，培養(yǎng)新的熱情的能力尤為重要。

　　eventually　最終;最后

　　be enchanted with　癡迷，為…而陶醉

　　loathe　憎恨

　　這位工程師教授提供了一些方法。

　　02.第一、首先要有動(dòng)機(jī)

　　原文

　　Find a seed of motivation. The first step in building passion for a subject you don’t like is to identify a reason to learn it. One of the best motivators is wishing to make an improvement in your life. Wanting a lifestyle upgrade allows you to make a mental contrast between where you are now (say, in a job as an office assistant) and where you want to be (say, a certified public accountant).

　　找到動(dòng)力的種子。培養(yǎng)一個(gè)你不喜歡的學(xué)科的激情的第一步是找出一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)它的理由。最好的動(dòng)力之一是希望自己的生活得到改進(jìn)。想要一種生活方式的升級(jí)，這使得我們?cè)诋?dāng)前的處境(比如在辦公室當(dāng)助理)和想要的狀態(tài)(比如注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師)之間進(jìn)行心理對(duì)比。

　　motivation 動(dòng)機(jī);動(dòng)力

　　identify 識(shí)別;找到

　　accountant 會(huì)計(jì)師

　　03.第二、別怕苦，別拖延

　　原文

　　Overcome the pain in the brain. When we even think about something we don’t like or want, it can activate a portion of the brain — the bilateral dorsal posterior insula — that is involved in our experience of pain. This means, for example, that thinking about math if you don’t like math (or studying English if you don’t like English) can actually feel physically painful. The result can be that your brain diverts your attention away from whatever sparked the pain. In other words, you procrastinate.

　　克服腦中的疼痛。當(dāng)我們想到一些我們不喜歡或不想要的東西時(shí)，它可以激活大腦中的一部分——雙側(cè)背后腦島，這與我們的痛苦經(jīng)歷有關(guān)。這意味著，如果你不喜歡數(shù)學(xué)(或者不喜歡英語(yǔ)的情況下學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ))，那么思考數(shù)學(xué)就會(huì)讓人感到身體上的疼痛。結(jié)果可能是，你的大腦將把你的注意力從任何能引發(fā)疼痛的事物上轉(zhuǎn)移。換句話說(shuō)，你就開(kāi)始拖延了。

　　activate　v. 刺激，激活

　　spark　引發(fā)

　　divert one’s attention away from sth.　將注意力從…中轉(zhuǎn)移

　　procrastinate　v. 拖延，耽擱

　　而克服拖延癥(overcome procrastination)的方法是什么呢?

　　作者提到了Francesco Cirillo提出的番茄工作法(Pomodoro technique)，具體步驟是：

　　1. Turn off all distractions　屏蔽所有的干擾項(xiàng)目

　　2. Set a timer for 25 minutes.　將計(jì)時(shí)器設(shè)置為25分鐘

　　3. Focus intently for those 25 minutes.　在這25分鐘內(nèi)全神貫注

　　4. Reward yourself for at least five minutes when you’re done (music, talking with a friend, getting coffee).　結(jié)束后獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己至少五分鐘的時(shí)間(聽(tīng)音樂(lè)、和朋友交談、喝一杯咖啡等)

　　04.五分鐘的休息時(shí)間也是至關(guān)重要的

　　原文

　　Those little breaks help the brain consolidate material, which would have allowed me to build my understanding while minimizing frustration.

　　這些片刻的休息時(shí)間幫助大腦鞏固掌握的材料，這使得我建立起理解能力，最大程度地減少沮喪感。

　　consolidate v. 鞏固

　　minimize v. 使…最小化

　　05.第三、別被挫折打倒

　　原文

　　Realize it’s perfectly normal to not understand something on your first try. People often don’t realize that the brain has two quite different ways of experiencing the world. The first one occurs while focusing on a topic, which activates what psychologists call task-positive networks. The second way occurs when we’re not focusing on anything in particular. Most people need to go back and forth between focused and diffuse modes in order to learn a topic. When you can’t solve something in the first focus, you’re not stupid — you just need to allow time to toggle to the diffuse mode. This second mode gives your brain a chance to consolidate and consider the material from a different perspective.

　　我們要意識(shí)到在第一次嘗試中不理解某事是完全正常的。人們通常沒(méi)有意識(shí)到大腦有兩種完全不同的體驗(yàn)世界的方式。第一種發(fā)生在關(guān)注一個(gè)話題的時(shí)候，這激活了心理學(xué)家稱之為“任務(wù)積極網(wǎng)絡(luò)”的模式。第二種發(fā)生在我們沒(méi)有專注于任何特定事物的時(shí)候。為了解一個(gè)話題，大多數(shù)人需要在集中和分散兩種模式間來(lái)回切換。當(dāng)你不能在第一個(gè)模式解決問(wèn)題時(shí)，你并非愚蠢——你只需要時(shí)間切換到分散模式。第二種模式讓你的大腦有機(jī)會(huì)從不同的角度來(lái)鞏固和考慮材料。

　　toggle to 切換到

　　diffuse 分散的

　　06

　　原文

　　No one would ever sing a song just one time and think it had been truly mastered. Developing expertise involves easy recall of and automaticity with key concepts and tools.

　　The bigger your collection of neural chunks related to solving different problems, the greater your expertise. And the greater your expertise, the more you will like what you’re learning.

　　沒(méi)有人能夠只唱一次就覺(jué)得自己真的掌握了一首歌。培養(yǎng)一項(xiàng)專業(yè)技能涉及到對(duì)關(guān)鍵概念和工具的輕松回憶和自動(dòng)化。

　　積累的關(guān)于解決不同問(wèn)題的神經(jīng)模塊越大，你的專業(yè)知識(shí)也會(huì)越淵博，而專業(yè)知識(shí)越淵博，你就會(huì)越喜歡所學(xué)的事情。

　　expertise　專業(yè)技能

　　recall　回憶