如:The best books are treasuries of good words,the golden thoughts,which,remembered and cherished,become our constant companions and comforters. 不難看出which become our constant companions and comforters原本是一個(gè)整體,被用作狀語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞remembered and cherished分割開(kāi)。常見(jiàn)的分割結(jié)構(gòu)形式有同位語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的分割,定語(yǔ)或and定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的分割,主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)的分割,謂語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)的分割。使用分割結(jié)構(gòu)的目的是使語(yǔ)句結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,避免頭重腳輕,或者為了使表達(dá)的主題思想更加突出醒目,讀起來(lái)更通順流暢。分割結(jié)構(gòu)的存在說(shuō)明了英語(yǔ)在結(jié)構(gòu)形式和表達(dá)方法上的生動(dòng)性和靈活性,但也造成了句子結(jié)構(gòu)的錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜。對(duì)于分割結(jié)構(gòu),只有從結(jié)構(gòu)上和語(yǔ)意上弄清它才能避免理解上的錯(cuò)誤,英譯漢時(shí)要把原來(lái)屬于一個(gè)整體部分的意義譯出。
如:An unusual present was given to him for his birthday,a book on ethics.過(guò)生日的時(shí)候他得到了一件不尋常的禮物——一本關(guān)于倫理道德的書(shū)。(present 和a book被分隔)
再如:After Galileo's work the feeling grew that there were universal laws governing the motion of bodies and that these laws might apply to motion in the heavens as well as on earth.在伽利略著作之后,這樣的認(rèn)識(shí)加強(qiáng)了,即認(rèn)為存在著支配物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的普遍規(guī)律,這些規(guī)律不僅支配著地球上的也支配著天體上的物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)。(the feeling和 that從句被分隔)
1. Such a viewpoint,particularly prominent in the developing countries,is reinforced by the widely-held belief that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that is endangering the survival of mankind.
第一層:Such a viewpoint,主 particularly prominent in the developing 定 countries,is 系 reinforced 表 by the widely-held belief 狀 that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that is end- 同位語(yǔ)從句 angering the survival of mankind.
第二層:(同位語(yǔ)從句)that 引 it 形主 is not 系 the peaceful application 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ) of nuclear energy 定 that 引 is endangering 謂 the survival 賓 of mankind.