雅思閱讀高分備考方案：五大常用句子結(jié)構(gòu)剖析

　　雅思閱讀中五大句子結(jié)構(gòu)的講解主要從句型特點(diǎn)、例句講解兩個(gè)方面給大家分享了如何從雅思閱讀中的長(zhǎng)難句中提取出五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是主干信息的方法，希望對(duì)大家雅思考試閱讀練習(xí)有幫助。

　　一、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(S+V)：

　　這類句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語(yǔ)都能表達(dá)完整的意思。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。

　　例如：An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States, which were becoming quite congested. (劍8 Test 1Passage 2 )

　　句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這句話的主干是An accident resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)。主謂結(jié)構(gòu)式An accident resulted，后面跟得是介詞短語(yǔ)。That引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾An accident，to regulate and oversee…表示目的，which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾the operation of aircraft。

　　二、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)(S+V+DO)：

　　這類句子的謂語(yǔ)都是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，也都是及物動(dòng)詞，表示主語(yǔ)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但是后面必須跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，也就是動(dòng)作的承受者，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。

　　例如：They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and the solar year, defined by the changing seasons that accompany our planet's revolution around the sun.

　　(劍8 Test 1Passage 1 )

　　句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這句話的主語(yǔ)是They，謂語(yǔ)是based，賓語(yǔ)是their calendars，后面是on引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)。冒號(hào)后面的三個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)：the solar day, the lunar month and the solar year，是對(duì)three natural cycles的解釋說(shuō)明。 that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾changing seasons changing seasons。

　　三、主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(S+V+P)：

　　這類句型的謂語(yǔ)部分是連系動(dòng)詞，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有兩類：一類表情況——be，look，smell，taste，sound等;一類表變化——get，grow，become，turn，go等。

　　例如： The revolutionary aspect of this new timekeeper was neither the descending weight that provided its motive force nor the gear wheels (which had been around for at least 1,300 years) that transferred the power; it was the part called the escapement. (劍8 Test 1Passage 1 )

　　句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這句話的主干是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，不過(guò)有兩個(gè)并列的表語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)是The revolutionary aspect，系動(dòng)詞是was，表語(yǔ)是neither the descending weight nor the gear wheels。第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾weight，括號(hào)里的句子做插入語(yǔ)，是對(duì)gear wheels的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾gear wheels，分號(hào)后面是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的句子。

　　四、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間賓+直賓(S+V+IO+DO)：

　　這類動(dòng)詞后面必須跟兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，為直接賓語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者，為間接賓語(yǔ)。

　　例如： We may, at best, give them some precision by defining them and placing them in a context but, whatever we do, we should never delude ourselves into believing that gifted children or geniuses are different from the rest of humanity, save in the degree to which they have developed the performance of their abilities. (劍8 Test 3 Passage 2)

　　句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這句話的主語(yǔ)是We，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是may give，直接賓語(yǔ)是some precision， 間接賓語(yǔ)是them。 at best、whatever we do做插入語(yǔ)， 這句話的主干是We may give them some precision…but we should never delude ourselves into believing that…save in the degree to which…。That引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，save做連詞，表示除了，which引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。

　　五、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)(S+V+DO+OC)：

　　這類句型的謂語(yǔ)都是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只有賓語(yǔ)不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明整句話的意思。

　　例如：Reports of telepathic experiences had by people during meditation led parapsychologists to suspect that telepathy might involve 'signals' passing between people that were so faint that they were usually swamped by normal brain activity. (劍8 Test 1 Passage3 )

　　句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這句話的主語(yǔ)是Reports，謂語(yǔ)是had led，賓語(yǔ)是parapsychologists，賓補(bǔ)是to suspect。by people during meditation表示在某種實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境下，修飾experiences。第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾'signals'，第三個(gè)so faint that…如此以至于表示結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。