雅思閱讀分類詞匯-文化

　　mainstream 主流 主流的

　　dialect 方言 (v.s. accent)

　　discrepancy 差異

　　misconception 誤解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstanding

　　barrier 障礙(物)~ bar, = barricade

　　discrimination 區(qū)別，歧視racial/sexual discriminationß discriminate (+against)

　　hierarchy 等級制度heir + arch(govern) + y

　　insularity 島國性質(zhì) (ß insular, ^island)British industry has often been criticized for its linguistic insularity.

　　microcosm 小天地 micro + cosm(os)

　　nostalgia = homesickness

　　patriot 愛國者 (<> traitor)à patriotic, patriotism

　　compatriot 同胞 同胞的com + patriot

　　vernacular 本地的，本國的 本地話，本國話the vernacular languages of India

　　Hispanic An American whose first language was Spanish

　　immigration 移入~ immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration (~ emigrant, emigrate)

　　antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”

　　permeate 滲透，彌漫Smoke permeated the house.

　　entrepreneur 企業(yè)家 (~ enterprise)à entrepreneurship

　　practitioner 開業(yè)者，從業(yè)者praction(practice) + er

　　celebrity a famous person= luminary, VIP

　　proxy 代理人

　　anecdote 軼事 (à anecdotal)

　　notoriety 惡名 (ß notorious)

　　counterpart 對應(yīng)人，對等物Who’s George Bush’s counterpart in China?^ counterculture, counterbalance

　　peer 同等的人 凝視，窺視(~ peep)

　　subordinate 下級 下級的<> superior

　　tactics 戰(zhàn)術(shù)，技巧v.s. strategy (戰(zhàn)略，策略)marketing strategy v.s. selling tactics

　　nuance a subtle difference in meaning

　　benchmarking 類比分析

　　punctual 準(zhǔn)時的，守時的 (à punctuality)

　　absenteeism 曠工absent à absentee à absenteeism

　　flextime 彈性工作時間flex(flexible) + time

　　harass 騷擾 (à harassment)Mary said that Gary had sexually harassed her.

　　redundancy 冗余，冗員network redundancy

　　downsize 裁員 (~ lay off)

　　ballot 投票 (= vote)

　　impartial 不偏不倚的 (<> partial)

　　lobby 大堂(n.) 游說(v.)

　　shortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and from which the successful person will be chosen à (v.)

　　equilibrium 平衡，均衡

　　questionnaire 調(diào)查表，問卷

　　quantitative 定量的 (<> qualitative)

　　contingency 偶然性，偶然事件

　　incur 招致incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recur

　　ethical 倫理的，符合倫理的~ ethics, <> unethical

　　dubious 疑惑的，可疑的 (~ doubt)People were dubious about the result.

　　manifestation 顯示，證明 (ß manifest)

　　subtitle 字幕，副標(biāo)題 (sub + title)^ subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE: underground, tube), suburb(~ downtown, uptown, outskirts)