解題步驟:
Step 1:定位,找出題目在原文中的出處。
1.找出題目中的關鍵詞,最好先定位到原文中的一個段落。
將題目中的關鍵詞與原文各段落的小標題或每段話的第一句相對照。有些題目能先定位到原文中的一個段落,這必將大大加快解題時間,并提高準確率。但并不是每個題目都能先定位到原文中的一個段落的。
2.從頭到尾快速閱讀該段落,根據(jù)題目中的其它關鍵詞,在原文中找出與題目相關的一句話或幾句話。
確定一個段落后,答案在該段落中的具體位置是未知的。所以,需要從頭到尾快速閱讀該段落,找出該段落中與題目相關的一句話或幾句話,通常是一句話。
3.仔細閱讀這一句話或幾句話,根據(jù)第二大步中的原則和規(guī)律,確定正確答案。
4.要注意順序性,即題目的順序和原文的順序基本一致。
題目是有順序性的。第一題的答案應在文章的前部,第二題的答案應在第一題的答案之后。這個規(guī)律也有助于同學們確定答案的位置。
Step2:根據(jù)下列原則和規(guī)律,確定正確答案
筆者盡可能將規(guī)律總結得詳細些,使同學們能夠?qū)μ柸胱涌旖忸}的速度和準確率。但請同學們不要僵化理解。
1. True
Situation 1. 題目是原文的同義詞
例1
原文:Few are more than five years old.
譯文:很少有超過五年的。
題目:Most are less than five years old.
譯文:大多數(shù)都小于五年。
解釋:題目與原文是同義結構,所以答案應為True。
例2
原文:Frogs are losing the ecological battle for survival,and biologists are at a loss to explain their demise.
譯文:青蛙失去了生存下來的生態(tài)競爭能力,生物學家不能解釋它們的死亡。
題目:Biologists are unable to explain why frogs are dying.
譯文:生物學家不能解釋為什么青蛙死亡。
例3
原文:Women could not take part and were forbidden,on pain of death,even to attend the Games.
譯文:婦女不能參加甚至被禁止出席這個運動會。
題目:The spectators,as well as the participants, of the ancient Olympics were male.
譯文:古代奧運會的觀眾和參加者都是男的。
Situation 2 題目是根據(jù)原文中的幾句話推斷或歸納而成。
例1
原文:Compare our admission inclusive fares and see how much you save.Cheapest is not the best and value for money is guaranteed.If you compare our bargain Daybreak fares beware _____ most of our competitors do not offer an all inclusive fare.
譯文:比較我們包含的費用會看到你省了很多錢。最便宜的不是最好的。如果你比較我們的價格,會發(fā)現(xiàn)絕大多數(shù)的競爭對手不提供一攬子費用。
題目:Daybreak fares are more expensive than most of their competitors.
譯文:Daybreak的費用比絕大多數(shù)的競爭對手都昂貴。
例2
原文:For example,it has been demonstrated that rapid response leads to a greater likelihood of arrest only if responses are in the order of l-2 minutes after a call is received by the police.When response times increase to 3-4 minutes——still quite a rapid response——the likelihood of an arrest is substantially reduced.
譯文:例如,只有反應時間在警察接到電話之后l—2分鐘,快速反應才會使抓住罪犯的可能性更大。當反應時間增加到3—4分鐘,仍然是非常快的反應,抓住罪犯的可能性就實質(zhì)性地降低。
題目:A response delay of l一2 minutes may have substantial influence on whether or not a suspected criminal is caught.
譯文:l—2分鐘的反應延遲會對嫌疑犯是否被抓住產(chǎn)生實質(zhì)性的影響。
2. False
Situation 1: 題目與原文直接相反。通常用反義詞,not加同義詞及反義結構。
例1
原文:A species becomes extinct when the last individual dies.
譯文:當最后一個個體死亡時,一個物種就滅亡了。
題目:A species is said to be extinct when only one individual exists.
譯文:當只有一個個體存活時,一個物種就被說是滅亡了。
例2
原文:It has been successfully used in the United States to provide input into resource exploitation decisions and assist wildlife managers and there is now enormous potential for using population viability to assist wildlife management in Australia's forests.
譯文:在美國它已經(jīng)成功地用于支持資源開發(fā)和幫助野生生命研究管理者?,F(xiàn)在,在使用它對澳大利亞的森林中的野生生物管理上有巨大的潛力。
題目:PVA has been used in Australia for many years.
譯文:PVA已經(jīng)在澳大利亞使用多年了。
例3
原文:You may qualify for the Common Interest Group system,if you are one of at least ten adults who are traveling together.
譯文:如果你是至少10個一起旅行的成人中的一個,你可能會適合Common Interest Group模式。
題目:The Common Interest Group scheme does not apply if there are 11 adults in the group.
譯文:如果一個組里有11個成人,Common Interest Group 模式就不適用。
Situation 2: 原文是多個條件并列,題目是其中一個條件(出現(xiàn)must或only)。
原文是兩個或多個情形 (通常是兩種情形)都可以,常有both...and、and、or、及also等詞。題目是“必須”或“只有”其中一個情況,常有must及only等詞。
例1
原文:Booking in advance is strongly recommended as a11 Daybreak tours are subject to demand.Subject to availability,stand-by tickets can be purchased from the driver.
譯文:提前預定是強烈建議的,因為所有的Daybreak旅行都是由需求決定的。如果還有票的話,可直接向司機購買。
題目:Tickets must be bought in advance from an authorized Daybreak agent.
譯文:票必須提前從一個認證的代理處購買。
例2
原文:Since the Winter Games began,55 out of 56 gold medals in the men's Nordic skiing events have been won by competitors from Scandinavia or the former Soviet Union.
譯文:自從冬奧會開始,在男子越野滑雪項目中的56塊中的55塊金牌被來自北歐和前蘇聯(lián)的選手獲得。
題目:Only Scandinavians have won gold medals in the men's winter Olympics.
譯文:只有北歐人獲得了冬運會男子越野滑雪項目中的金牌。
例3
原文:Apart from the Second World War period the Winter Olympics were held every four years,a few months before the summer Olympics.But in 1986 the IOC changed the schedule so that the summer and winter games would be held in different years.Thus,for the only time in history,the Lillehammer (Norway) Games took place just two years after the previous Winter Olympics which were held in Alvertville,F(xiàn)rance.
題目:One Winter Olympics has succeeded another every four years since 1924 with a break only for the Second World War.
Situation 3: 原文為人們對某樣事物的理論或感覺,題目則強調(diào)是客觀事實或已被證明。
原文強調(diào)是一種“理論”或“感覺”,常有feel、consider及theory等詞。題目強調(diào)是一種“事實”,常有fact及prove等詞。
例1
原文:But generally winter sports were felt to be too specialized.
題目:The Antwerp Games proved that winter sports were too specialized.
例2
原文:Another theory is that worldwide temperature increases are upsetting the breeding cycles of frogs.
題目:It is a fact that frogs’ breeding cycles are upset by worldwide increases in temperature.
Situation 4: 原文和題目中使用了表示不同范圍,頻率,可能性的詞。
原文中常用many (很多)、sometimes (有時)及unlikely (不太可能)等詞。題目中常用all (全部)、usually (通常)、always (總是)及impossible (完全不可能)等詞。
例1
原文:Frogs are sometimes poisonous.
題目:Frogs are usually poisonous.
例2
原文:Without a qualification from a reputable school or university,it is unlikely to find a good job.
題目:It is impossible to get a good job without a qualification from a respected institution.
Situation 5: 原文中包含條件狀語,題目中去掉條件成分。
原文中包含條件狀語,如if、unless或if not,也可能是用介詞短語表示條件狀語,如in、with、but for 或 except for。題目中去掉了這些表示條件狀語的成分。這時,答案應:False。例1
原文:The Internet has often been criticized by the media as a hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users.
題目:The media has often criticized the Internet because it is dangerous.
3. Not Given
Situation 1:題目中的某些內(nèi)容在原文中沒有提及。
題目中的某些內(nèi)容在原文中找不到依據(jù)。
Situation 2:題目中涉及的范圍小于原文涉及的范圍,也就是更具體。
原文涉及一個較大范圍的范疇,而題目是一個具體的概念。也就是說,題目中涉及
的范圍比原文要小。
例1
原文:Our computer club provides printer.
題目:Our computer club provides color printer.
例2
原文:Tourists in Cyprus come mainly from Europe.
題目:Tourists in Cyprus come mainly from the UK.
Situation 3: 原文是某人的目標,目的,想法,保證,發(fā)誓等,題目是事實。
原文中常用aim (目的)、purpose (目的)、promise (保證)、swear (發(fā)誓)及vow (發(fā)誓)等詞。題目中用實意動詞。
例l
原文:He vowed he would never come back.
題目:He never came back.
例2
原文:His aim was to bring together,once every four years,athletes from all countries on the
friendly fields of amateur sport.
題目:Only amateur athletes are allowed to compete in the modern Olympics.
Situation 4: 題目中有比較級,原文中沒有比較。
例1
原文:In Sydney,a vast array of ethnic and local restaurants can be found to suit a11 palates and pockets.
譯文:在悉尼,有各種各樣的餐館。
題目:There is now a greater variety of restaurants to choose from in Sydney than in the past.
譯文:現(xiàn)在有更多種類的餐館可供選擇。
Notice:
1.一定要依據(jù)原文,不能憑借自己的知識。
原文是判斷答案的惟一根據(jù)。所以,無論你對文章的內(nèi)容或背景多么的熟悉,或者你的知識面是多么的豐富,都不能憑借自己的知識來確定答案。即使題目中說“地球是正方形的”。如果文章中沒說,你只能答Not Give,不能答False。
例1
原文:His aim was to bring together,once every four years,athletes from a11 countries on the friendly fields of amateur sport.
譯文:他的目的是把各國的運動員每四年一次聚集到友好的業(yè)余運動的賽場上。
題目:Only amateur athletes are allowed to compete in the modern Olympics.
2.可以根據(jù)原文做適當?shù)耐茢?,但不能做無根據(jù)的自行推理或過度推斷。
3.要注意題目要求答什么。
4.題目中若出現(xiàn)must、only、all及always,答案一般不會是True。
5.要相信自己己的第一感覺,不要輕易改答案。
在考試中,除非有特別強的理由,否則不要輕易改答案,人的第一感覺往往是正確的。很多同學都將正確的答案改錯了。
6.要注意上述規(guī)律和方法的運用,不要鉆牛角尖。
這種題型本身有一定的缺陷,即不嚴密。所以,上述規(guī)律和方法若能理解就最好,如不能理解,就記住它們,考試時,照著做就可以了,這些規(guī)律都經(jīng)過實踐的檢驗。
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