雅思聽(tīng)力授課場(chǎng)景出題規(guī)范解析

　　考點(diǎn)之一： 學(xué)術(shù)主題討論

　　關(guān)鍵詞匯：Lecture, tutorial, seminar, presentation etc.

　　在很多西方教學(xué)理念中，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)的意識(shí)和能力是最重要的理念之一，這種理念滲透到了學(xué)校教學(xué)的方方面面。學(xué)校鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)，而不是被動(dòng)聽(tīng)課和死記硬背。要求學(xué)生獨(dú)立地進(jìn)行研究，收集和分析自己或團(tuán)隊(duì)獲取的數(shù)據(jù)，勇于提出問(wèn)題，勇于向老師和同學(xué)進(jìn)行符合邏輯性的爭(zhēng)辯。

　　課堂上，教師除講解外，更多的是給予學(xué)生啟迪，讓學(xué)生思考和發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)。有什么疑問(wèn)，學(xué)生課后可以直接去找老師預(yù)約時(shí)間見(jiàn)面。此外，教師還會(huì)要求學(xué)生安排相當(dāng)時(shí)間在圖書(shū)館或?qū)嶒?yàn)室做自我研究工作，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生主動(dòng)地進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)和科研，從而激發(fā)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新意識(shí)。

　　以上的種種均是去往西方海外留學(xué)必將經(jīng)歷的。因此，在考試中，考生經(jīng)常能聽(tīng)到學(xué)生和學(xué)生之間或老師和學(xué)生之間的討論，有對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)方法的討論，也有對(duì)某一學(xué)術(shù)主題展開(kāi)討論。

　　而一般來(lái)講，這些討論會(huì)以lecture/report, tutorial、seminar、presentation等形式展開(kāi)。

　　Lecture

　　lecture一般以老師講，學(xué)生聽(tīng)為主，可能當(dāng)中提出一些問(wèn)題。

　　【典型范例】:

　　Instruction: Dr. Linda Graycar who is from the City Institute for the Blind is talking about the system of writing for the blind known as Braille.

　　1. What can the combined dots represent?

　　A both letters and words

　　B only individual words

　　C only letters of the alphabet

　　2. What is unusual about the way Braille is written?

　　A It can only be written using a machine.

　　B The texts have to be read backwards.

　　C Handwritten Braille is created in reverse.

　　【范例原文】:

　　Dr. Graycar: Well, it's a system of touch reading which uses an arrangement of raised dots called a cell. Braille numbered the dot positions 1-2-3 downward on the left and 4-5-6 downward on the right, The letters of the alphabet are then formed by using different combinations of these dots.

　　Student: So is the writing system based on the alphabet with each word being individually spelt out?

　　Dr. Graycar: Well ... it's not quite that simple, I'm afraid! For instance, the first 10 letters of the alphabet are Formed using dots 1, 2, 4 and 5. But Braille also has its own short forms for common words. For example, 'b' for the word 'but' and 'h' for 'have' – there are many other contractions like this.

　　Student: Can it be written by hand or do you need a machine to produce Braille?

　　Dr. Graycar: Well, you can write it by hand on to paper with a device called a slate and stylus but the trick is that you have to write backwards . . . e.g. from right to left so that then when you turn your sheet over, the dots face upwards and can be read like English from left to right.

　　【范例分析】: 范例是一位教授介紹一種盲文體。在教授的演講中，會(huì)有學(xué)生不間斷的提出一些問(wèn)題，很多時(shí)候，在講座中穿插的一些問(wèn)題即考點(diǎn)所在。考生一定注意，在lecture或report過(guò)程中，有提問(wèn)就會(huì)有考點(diǎn)!

　　【范例答案】

　　1. A　　2. C